Carrot Seed (Daucus carrota) Research

Latin Name: Daucus carrota

Family: Apiaceae

People have used carrot seed oil as a diuretic, to help with indigestion, for kidney complaints, menstrual pains, as a cardiac relaxant, and as an antispasmodic.

RESEARCH

The listings of research below represent a compilation of scientific articles found on the species, with a very brief overview description of each article/study.  Research found is catalogued by therapeutic action.  This categorized compilation of research articles does not necessarily imply that there are adequate results to demonstrate safe and/or effective human use.

GENERAL

• Health benefits of carrot are reviewed.  From:  Surbhi, S., Verma, R. C., Deepak, R., Jain, H. K., & Yadav, K. K. (2018). A review: Food, chemical composition and utilization of carrot (Daucus carota L.) pomace. IJCS, 6(3), 2921-2926.
• Lis-Balchin, M.  (2006). Aromatherapy science, A guide for healthcare professionals.  Pharmaceutical Press:  London.
• Petersen, D. (2015). Aromatherapy materia medica.  Essential oil monographs.  American College of Healthcare Sciences.
• WebMD. (n.d.). Carrot Seed.  Retrieved in November, 2015.  Retrieved from www.webmd.com
• This was a mega-analysis on the health benefits of carrot and carrot seed.  From:  da Silva Dias, J. C. (2014). Nutritional and health benefits of carrots and their seed extracts. Food and Nutrition Sciences, 5(22), 2147.

​SAFETY

• Wild carrot closely resembles the poisonous plants: poison hemlock (Conium maculatum) and water hemlock (Circuta douglasi).
• Slightly photosensitizing due to the furanocoumarins (Lis-Balchin, 2006).
• Avoid during pregnancy and while breastfeeding due to estrogen content (Lis-Balchin, 2006).
• Not for use with young children (Lis-Balchin, 2006).
• Myristican is a potentially psychoactive constituent found in the root of the plant when ingested (Petersen, 2015).
• Avoid use for those with kidney problems (WebMD, nd).
• Avoid use before surgery as it might affect blood pressure (WebMD, nd).
• Wild carrot should be avoided in those taking drugs affecting their estrogen, for those who take lithium, medications for high blood pressure, and photosensitizing medications (WebMD, nd).

ANTIMICROBIAL / ANTIBACTERIAL / ANTIFUNGAL / ANTIVIRAL

• Against the oral bacteria: Streptococcus mutans, Porphyromonas gingivalis, and Lactobacillus rhamnosus, the 13 most effective essential oils were: myrrh, ginger, basil, carrot seed, tea tree, patchouli, ylang ylang, cypress, lemongrass, cinnamon, peppermint, lavender, and eucalyptus. From: Park, C., & Yoon, H. (2018). Antimicrobial Activity of Essential Oil against Oral Strain. International Journal of Clinical Preventive Dentistry, 14(4), 216-221.
• Daucus carota oil showed antifungal activity with a very low detrimental effect on mammalian cells.  From:  Tavares, A. C., Gonçalves, M. J., Cavaleiro, C., Cruz, M. T., Lopes, M. C., Canhoto, J., & Salgueiro, L. R. (2008). Essential oil of Daucus carota subsp. halophilus: composition, antifungal activity and cytotoxicity. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 119(1), 129-134.
• Plant oils of 52 species were tested against key bacteria. Lemongrass, oregano and bay inhibited all organisms, and rosewood, coriander, palmarosa, tea tree, niaouli, peppermint, spearmint, sage and marjoram inhibited all organisms except P. aeruginosa.  Carrot, patchouli, sandalwood and vetiver inhibited Gram-positive bacteria and C. albicans. Myrrh and cypress inhibited only Gram-positive organisms and mandarin oil inhibited only C. albicans.  From:  Hammer, K. A., Carson, C. F., & Riley, T. V. (1999). Antimicrobial activity of essential oils and other plant extracts. Journal of applied microbiology, 86(6), 985-990.
• The strongest antifungal activity was observed for the main constituent of carrot seed oil, carotol.  From:  Jasicka-Misiak, I., Lipok, J., Nowakowska, E. M., Wieczorek, P. P., Młynarz, P., & Kafarski, P. (2004). Antifungal activity of the carrot seed oil and its major sesquiterpene compounds. Zeitschrift für Naturforschung C, 59(11-12), 791-796.
• Carrot seed carotol extract was the most effective against Gram-positive bacteria with carotal being the most significant constituent.  From: Glišić, S. B., Mišić, D. R., Stamenić, M. D., Zizovic, I. T., Ašanin, R. M., & Skala, D. U. (2007). Supercritical carbon dioxide extraction of carrot fruit essential oil: Chemical composition and antimicrobial activity. Food chemistry, 105(1), 346-352.
• Antifungal capability of carrot seed oil was discussed.  From:  Tavares, A. C., Gonçalves, M. J., Cavaleiro, C., Cruz, M. T., Lopes, M. C., Canhoto, J., & Salgueiro, L. R. (2008). Essential oil of Daucus carota subsp. halophilus: composition, antifungal activity and cytotoxicity. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 119(1), 129-134.
• Commercially cultivated carrot seed oil had the strongest antimicrobial content (compaired to the wild variety).  From: Staniszewska, M., Kula, J., Wieczorkiewicz, M., & Kusewicz, D. (2005). Essential oils of wild and cultivated carrots—the chemical composition and antimicrobial activity. Journal of Essential Oil Research, 17(5), 579-583.
• Antibacterial abilities of 96 essential oils and their constituents were assessed. Marigold, ginger, jasmine, patchouli, gardenia, cedarwood, carrot seed, celery seed, mugwort, spikenard, and orange bitter oils along with the constituents of cinnamaldehyde, estragole, carvacrol, benzaldehyde, citral, thymol, eugenol, perillaldehyde, carvone R, and geranyl acetate were strongest against C. jejuni.  From:  Friedman, M., Henika, P. R., & Mandrell, R. E. (2002). Bactericidal activities of plant essential oils and some of their isolated constituents against Campylobacter jejuni, Escherichia coli, Listeria monocytogenes, and Salmonella enterica. Journal of Food Protection®, 65(10), 1545-1560.
• Antifungal activities of carrot seed oil were demonstrated.  From: Maxia, A., Marongiu, B., Piras, A., Porcedda, S., Tuveri, E., Gonçalves, M. J., … & Salgueiro, L. (2009). Chemical characterization and biological activity of essential oils from Daucus carota L. subsp. carota growing wild on the Mediterranean coast and on the Atlantic coast. Fitoterapia, 80(1), 57-61.
• Methylisoeugenol and elemicin from Daucus carota were antimicrobial.  From:  Rossi, P. G., Bao, L., Luciani, A., Panighi, J., Desjobert, J. M., Costa, J., … & Berti, L. (2007). (E)-Methylisoeugenol and elemicin: Antibacterial components of Daucus carota L. essential oil against Campylobacter jejuni. Journal of agricultural and food chemistry, 55(18), 7332-7336.
• Antibacterial, antifungal, and antiviral, antiradical activities of the whole essential oil, and of the constituent isochavicol were investigated and an antiplasmodial activity of isochavicol was noticed.  From:  Lanfranchi, D. A., Laouer, H., El Kolli, M., Prado, S., Maulay-Bailly, C., & Baldovini, N. (2010). Bioactive phenylpropanoids from Daucus crinitus Desf. from Algeria. Journal of agricultural and food chemistry, 58(4), 2174-2179.
• Antibacterial and antifungal abilities of D. carota oil were tested against eight bacterial and eight fungal strains.  From:  Soković, M., Stojković, D., Glamočlija, J., Ćirić, A., Ristić, M., & Grubišić, D. (2009). Susceptibility of pathogenic bacteria and fungi to essential oils of wild Daucus carota. Pharmaceutical Biology, 47(1), 38-43.
• Oil from Daucus carota inhibited of a series of common human pathogenic bacteria.  From:  Jabrane, A., Jannet, H. B., Harzallah‐Skhiri, F., Mastouri, M., Casanova, J., & Mighri, Z. (2009). Flower and Root Oils of the Tunisian Daucus carota L. ssp. maritimus (Apiaceae): Integrated Analyses by GC, GC/MS, and 13C‐NMR Spectroscopy, and in vitro Antibacterial Activity. Chemistry & biodiversity, 6(6), 881-889.
• Carrot seed essential oil and its carotl constituent showed antifungal activity against the rice fungi: Bipolaris oryzae and Fusarium moniliforme. From: Sharma, M. (2018). Isolation, derivatization of compounds from carrot seed oil and their antifungal potential (Doctoral dissertation, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana).
• Blends with Cinnamomum zeylanicum, Daucus carota, Eucalyptus globulus, Rosmarinus officinalis, Syzygium aromaticum, and Origanum vulgare showed in vitro antibacterial, antifungal, and antiviral activities against antibiotic resistant pathogens, candida strains, and both the H1N1 and HSV1 viruses. From: Brochot, A., Guilbot, A., Haddioui, L., & Roques, C. (2017). Antibacterial, antifungal, and antiviral effects of three essential oil blends. MicrobiologyOpen, 6(4), e00459.

ANTIOXIDANT

• Cold-pressed black caraway, cranberry, carrot and hemp seed oils may serve as dietary sources of natural antioxidants for good health and disease prevention.  From:  Yu, L. L., Zhou, K. K., & Parry, J. (2005). Antioxidant properties of cold-pressed black caraway, carrot, cranberry, and hemp seed oils. Food chemistry, 91(4), 723-729.

PRESERVATIVE

• Carrot seed essential oil and its carotl constituent showed antifungal activity against the rice fungi: Bipolaris oryzae and Fusarium moniliforme. From: Sharma, M. (2018). Isolation, derivatization of compounds from carrot seed oil and their antifungal potential (Doctoral dissertation, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana).

INSECTICIDE / LARVICIDE / REPELLENT

• Amyris, carrot seed and patchouli essential oils were tested against Culex pipiens pallens and showed 100% larvicidal activity.  From:  Park, H. M., & Park, I. K. (2012). Larvicidal activity of Amyris balsamifera, Daucus carota and Pogostemon cablin essential oils and their components against Culex pipiens pallens. Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology, 15(4), 631-634.
• Daucus carota was tested as a mosquitocide.  From: Shaalan, E. A., Canyon, D. V., Younes, M. W., Abdel-Wahab, H., & Mansour, A. H. (2006). Efficacy of eight larvicidal botanical extracts from Khaya senegalensis and Daucus carota against Culex annulirostris. Journal of the American Mosquito Control Association, 22(3), 433-436.
• Trans-asarone from carrot seed extract demonstrated insecticidal capability.  From:  Momin, R. A., & Nair, M. G. (2002). Pest-managing efficacy of trans-asarone isolated from Daucus carota L. seeds. Journal of agricultural and food chemistry, 50(16), 4475-4478.
• Daucus carota L. oil was highly toxic to larvae of two Aedes aegypti.  From: Tare, V., Deshpande, S., & Sharma, R. N. (2004). Susceptibility of two different strains of Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae) to plant oils. Journal of economic entomology, 97(5), 1734-1736.
• Wild carrot seed oil was larvacidal against the mosquitos: Aedes aegypti, Culex pipiens, and Culex restuans Theobald. The most active constituents included: terpinolene, para cymene, and γ-terpinene.  From: Muturi, E. J., Doll, K., Ramirez, J. L., & Rooney, A. P. (2018). Bioactivity of wild carrot (Daucus carota, Apiaceae) essential oil against mosquito larvae. Journal of medical entomology, 56(3), 784-789.
• In vitro and in vivo tests showed a carrot seed essential oil and the carotol constituent to be repellent against multiple tested mosquito species. From: Ali, A., Radwan, M. M., Wanas, A. S., & Khan, I. A. (2018). Repellent Activity of Carrot Seed Essential Oil and Its Pure Compound, Carotol, Against Mosquitoes. Journal of the American Mosquito Control Association, 34(4), 272-280.

GREEN GARDENING

• Carrot seed had herbicidal properties via crotonic acid.  From:  Link:  Jasicka-Misiak, I., Wieczorek, P. P., & Kafarski, P. (2005). Crotonic acid as a bioactive factor in carrot seeds (Daucus carota L.). Phytochemistry, 66(12), 1485-1491.
• Carrot seed oil extracts as well as its constituents of carotol, daucene, and daucol were nematicidal against the plant parasite: Meloidogyne incognita. From: Kaur, A., Chahal, K. K., Kataria, D., Kumar, A., & Urvashi, B. (2018). Assesment of carrot seed essential oil and its chemical constitu‐ents against Meloidogyne incognita. Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, 7(1), 896-903.

ANTI-CANCER

• Pigments from Beta vulgaris (beet), Bixa orellana (lipstick tree), Lycopersicum esculentum (tomato), Spinacia oleracea (spinach), Daucus carrota (carrot), and Prunus cerasus (wild cherry) showed activity against a variety of cancer cell growths in vitro.  From:  Reddy, M. K., Alexander-Lindo, R. L., & Nair, M. G. (2005). Relative inhibition of lipid peroxidation, cyclooxygenase enzymes, and human tumor cell proliferation by natural food colors. Journal of agricultural and food chemistry, 53(23), 9268-9273.
• Daucus carota possesses potential anti-cancer activity on the human breast adenocarcinoma cell lines.  From:  Shebaby, W. N., Mroueh, M., Bodman-Smith, K., Mansour, A., Taleb, R. I., Daher, C. F., & El-Sibai, M. (2014). Daucus carota pentane-based fractions arrest the cell cycle and increase apoptosis in MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells. BMC complementary and alternative medicine, 14(1), 1.
• Carrot oil had remarkable antitumor activity against skin cancer. From:  Zeinab, R. A., Mroueh, M., Diab-Assaf, M., Jurjus, A., Wex, B., Sakr, A., & Daher, C. F. (2011). Chemopreventive effects of wild carrot oil against 7, 12-dimethyl benz (a) anthracene-induced squamous cell carcinoma in mice. Pharmaceutical biology, 49(9), 955-961.
• An in vivo study demonstrated the chemopreventive action of a carrot umbel extract in preventing skin cancer in mice when applied topically and intraperitonially.  From:  Zeinab, R. A., Mroueh, M., Diab-Assaf, M., Jurjus, A., Wex, B., Sakr, A., & Daher, C. F. (2011). Chemopreventive effects of wild carrot oil against 7, 12-dimethyl benz (a) anthracene-induced squamous cell carcinoma in mice. Pharmaceutical biology, 49(9), 955-961.
• Carotol showed moderate cytotoxicity on monkey kidney and human pharynx squamous cell carcinoma cell lines.  From: Sieniawska, E., Świątek, Ł., Rajtar, B., Kozioł, E., Polz-Dacewicz, M., & Skalicka-Woźniak, K. (2016). Carrot seed essential oil—Source of carotol and cytotoxicity study. Industrial Crops and Products, 92, 109-115.

​DIURETIC

• Dill, carrot seed and rugela increased urine flow in dogs.  From:  Mahran, G. H., Kadry, H. A., Isaac, Z. G., Thabet, C. K., Al‐Azizi, M. M., & El‐Olemy, M. M. (1991). Investigation of diuretic drug plants. 1. Phytochemical screening and pharmacological evaluation of Anethum graveolens L., Apium graveolens L., Daucus carota L. and Eruca sativa mill. Phytotherapy Research, 5(4), 169-172.

ANTI-ULCER

• Daucus carota extract showed anti-inflammatory and anti-ulcerogenic potential without showing a negative affect on liver, kidney and pancreas function.  From:  Wehbe, K., Mroueh, M., & Daher, C. F. (2009). The potential role of Daucus carota aqueous and methanolic extracts on inflammation and gastric ulcers in rats. Journal of Complementary and Integrative Medicine, 6(1).

HEPATOPROTECTIVE

• Tumeric and carrot seed extract ingestion can improve antioxidant activity and inhibit peroxidation in liver tissue.  From: Rezaei-Maghadam, A., Mohajeri, D., Rafiei, B., Dizaji, R., Azhdari, A., Yegomehzad, M., Shahidi, M. and Mazani, M. (2012). Effect of Tumeric and Carrot Seed Extracts on Serum Liver Biomakers and Hepatic Lipid Peroxidation, Antioxidant Enzymes and Total Antioxidant Status in Rats. Bioimpacts, 2, 151-157.
• This study discussed carrot as hepatoprotective.  From:  Bishayee, A., Sarkar, A., & Chatterjee, M. (1995). Hepatoprotective activity of carrot (Daucus carota L.) against carbon tetrachloride intoxication in mouse liver. Journal of ethnopharmacology, 47(2), 69-74.
• Carnosine had an effect on liver cirrhosis in rats.  From:  Aydin, A.F., Kiraz, Z.K., Abbasoghu, S.D., Gulluoglu, M., Uysal, M. and Toker, N.K. (2010). Effect of Carnosine against Thioacetamide-Induced Liver Cirrhosis in Rat. Peptides, 31, 67-71.
• Carrot seed extract reduced oxidative stress and aided in the protection of the liver in rats.  From:  Singh, K., Singh, N., Chandy, A. and Maniganha, A. (2012) In Vivo Antioxidant and Hepatoprotective Activity of Methanolic Extracts of Daucus carota Seeds in Experimental Animals. Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine, 2, 385-388.

ANTI-INFLAMMATORY

• Daucus carota extract showed anti-inflammatory and anti-ulcerogenic potential without showing a negative affect on liver, kidney and pancreas function.  From:  Wehbe, K., Mroueh, M., & Daher, C. F. (2009). The potential role of Daucus carota aqueous and methanolic extracts on inflammation and gastric ulcers in rats. Journal of Complementary and Integrative Medicine, 6(1).
• Carrot seed extract inhibited enzymes to reduced inflammation and be analgesic comparative to Aspirin, Ibuprofen, Naproxen and Celebrex. From:  Momin, R. A., De Witt, D. L., & Nair, M. G. (2003). Inhibition of cyclooxygenase (COX) enzymes by compounds from Daucus carota L. seeds. Phytotherapy Research, 17(8), 976-979.
• Daucus carota seed inhibited carrageenan, histamine and serotonin-induced paw edema and formaldehyde-induced arthritis in rats.  From:  Vasudevan, M., Gunnam, K. K., & Parle, M. (2006). Antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory properties of Daucus carota seeds extract. Journal of Health Science, 52(5), 598-606.

CARDIOPROTECTIVE

• Hypolipidemic effect in rats was studied.  From:  Sing, K., Dhongade, H., Sing, N. and Kashyap, P. (2010). Hypolipidemic Activity of Ethanolic Extract of Daucus carota Seeds in Normal Rats. International Journal of Biomedical and Advance Research, 1, 73-80.
• Intravenous administration of carrot extract lowered blood pressure in rabbits. From: Gilani, A. H., Shaheen, F., Saeed, S. A., Bibi, S., Sadiq, M., & Faizi, S. (2000). Hypotensive action of coumarin glycosides from Daucus carota. Phytomedicine, 7(5), 423-426.

PAIN

• Carrot seed extract inhibited enzymes to reduced inflammation and be analgesic comparative to Aspirin, Ibuprofen, Naproxen and Celebrex. From:  Momin, R. A., De Witt, D. L., & Nair, M. G. (2003). Inhibition of cyclooxygenase (COX) enzymes by compounds from Daucus carota L. seeds. Phytotherapy Research, 17(8), 976-979.
• Daucus carota seed inhibited carrageenan, histamine and serotonin-induced paw edema and formaldehyde-induced arthritis in rats.  From:  Vasudevan, M., Gunnam, K. K., & Parle, M. (2006). Antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory properties of Daucus carota seeds extract. Journal of Health Science, 52(5), 598-606.

SKIN

• A cream with extracts from carrot root reducing healing in vivo.  From:  Patil, M. V. K., Kandhare, A. D., & Bhise, S. D. (2012). Pharmacological evaluation of ethanolic extract of Daucus carota Linn root formulated cream on wound healing using excision and incision wound model. Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine, 2(2), S646-S655.
• Aloe, green tea, Indian beach tree, almond, shea butter, saffron, jojoba oil, carrot seed oil, and soybean oil were some of the plants listed as potential herbs to include in natural sunscreen products as well as products for sun damage. From:  Goswami, Priyanka Kantivan, Mayuri Samant, and Rashmi Srivastava. “Natural sunscreen agents: A review.” SAJP 2 (2013): 458-463.
• Carrot oil had remarkable antitumor activity against skin cancer. From:  Zeinab, R. A., Mroueh, M., Diab-Assaf, M., Jurjus, A., Wex, B., Sakr, A., & Daher, C. F. (2011). Chemopreventive effects of wild carrot oil against 7, 12-dimethyl benz (a) anthracene-induced squamous cell carcinoma in mice. Pharmaceutical biology, 49(9), 955-961.
• An in vivo study demonstrated the chemopreventive action of a carrot umbel extract in preventing skin cancer in mice when applied topically and intraperitonially.  From:  Zeinab, R. A., Mroueh, M., Diab-Assaf, M., Jurjus, A., Wex, B., Sakr, A., & Daher, C. F. (2011). Chemopreventive effects of wild carrot oil against 7, 12-dimethyl benz (a) anthracene-induced squamous cell carcinoma in mice. Pharmaceutical biology, 49(9), 955-961.

SUNSCREEN

• Aloe, green tea, Indian beach tree, almond, shea butter, saffron, jojoba oil, carrot seed oil, and soybean oil were some of the plants listed as potential herbs to include in natural sunscreen products as well as products for sun damage. From:  Goswami, Priyanka Kantivan, Mayuri Samant, and Rashmi Srivastava. “Natural sunscreen agents: A review.” SAJP 2 (2013): 458-463.

IMPROVED MEMORY

• Dementia in rats was reduced with carrot seed extracts.  From:  Vasudevan, M., Parle, M., Ramasamy, K. and Majeed, A.B.A. (2010) Anti-Dementia Potential of Daucus carota Seed Extracts in Rats. Pharmacologyonline, 1, 552-565.
• Carrot seed extract reduced memory deficits in mice.  From:  Vasudevan, M. and Parle, M. (2006) Pharmalogical Evidence for Potential of Daucus carota in the Management of Cognitive Dysfunctions. Biological & Pharmaceutical Bulletin, 29, 1154-1161.

APHRODISIAC

• This was a study of 96 women ages 18-35 with sexual disfunction. The treatment group that had an 8 week intervention of sexual health training plus a daily food item of carrot halwa, which included carrot root plus its seed extract, rose, saffron, honey, and other spices.  This group showed the greatest improvement compared to the health training only group and the group who received no training and no supplement. From: Molkara, T., Akhlaghi, F., Ramezani, M. A., Salari, R., Vakili, V., Kamalinejad, M., … & Motavasselian, M. (2018). Effects of a food product (based on Daucus carota) and education based on traditional Persian medicine on female sexual dysfunction: a randomized clinical trial. Electronic physician, 10(4), 6577.

REDUCED FERTILITY IN FEMALES

• Carrot seed acts as an antisteroidogenic agent in mouse ovaries.  From:  Majumder, P.K., Dasgupta, S., Mukhopadhaya, R.K., Majundar, U.K. and Gupta, M. (1997). Anti-Steroidogenic Activity of the Petroleum Ether Extract and Fraction 5 (Fatty Acids) of Carrot (Daucus carota L.) Seeds in Mouse Ovary. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 57, 209-2012.
• Daucus carota extract had an anti-fertility effect in rats.  From:  Bhatnagar, U. (1995). Poscoital Contraceptive Effects of an Alcoholic Extract of the Daucus carota Linn Seed in Rats. Clinical Drug Investigation, 9, 30-36. ​

IMPROVED FERTILITY IN MALES

• Carrot seed extract improved testosterone levels and fertility in male rats.  From:  Nouri, M., Khaki, A., Azar, F.F. and Rashidi, M.R. (2009) The Protective Effects of Carrot Seed Extract on Spermatogenesis and Cauda Epididymal Sperm Reserves in Gentamicin Treated Rats. Yakhteh Medical Journal, 11, 327-333.

ORAL HEALTH

• Against the oral bacteria: Streptococcus mutans, Porphyromonas gingivalis, and Lactobacillus rhamnosus, the 13 most effective essential oils were: myrrh, ginger, basil, carrot seed, tea tree, patchouli, ylang ylang, cypress, lemongrass, cinnamon, peppermint, lavender, and eucalyptus. From: Park, C., & Yoon, H. (2018). Antimicrobial Activity of Essential Oil against Oral Strain. International Journal of Clinical Preventive Dentistry, 14(4), 216-221.

JOINT HEALTH

• Daucus carota seed inhibited carrageenan, histamine and serotonin-induced paw edema and formaldehyde-induced arthritis in rats.  From:  Vasudevan, M., Gunnam, K. K., & Parle, M. (2006). Antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory properties of Daucus carota seeds extract. Journal of Health Science, 52(5), 598-606.
• A list of plants used for arthritis and pharmacologic studies is reviewed. From: Arya, V., Gupta, V. K., & Kaur, R. (2011). A review on plants having anti-arthritic potential. International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences Review and Research, 7(2), 131-136.

By: Kathy Sadowski

Updated: 2/19/2020