Skin and Wound Health
Many herbs can help with various skin ailments from dry skin, itchy areas, burns, wrinkles, growths, and cuts. Skin conditions can include eczema, psoriasis, dermatitis, and more. For acute situations, consult a Doctor.
Wounds
When a cut occurs, apply firm pressure with a clean cloth for 15 minutes and elevate the area above the heart to reduce bleeding. Keep the area clean and bandaged if necessary. Try dabbing honey on the wound and covering with a bandage. For deep wounds, uncleanable debris in a wound, a wound that wont stop bleeding, or a wound that has become infected, consult a Doctor.
Dry Skin
For dry skin, make sure you are drinking enough water and eating healthy. Fruits, vegetables, and foods high in omega oils are needed. Topical application of carrier oils rich in vitamins A and E can also be helpful.
Eczema
Eczema, or contact dermatitis, is dry itchy skin and possible rash and can include topical dermatitis. It is often triggered by an irritant like soap, food, or pet dander. It may be helpful to avoid harsh laundry detergents and soaps that contain dyes, fragrances, and strong chemicals. Run clothes thru the rinse cycle an extra time. Also, keep an oil on the affected area like avocado, sweet almond, or jojoba. Hives are raised bumps that can occur on skin that has been exposed to an allergen; keep the skin cool by taking a cold shower, apply oatmeal, calamine lotion, or a paste of baking soda and water to the area to reduce the histamine release.
Dermatitis
Dermatitis is inflammation of the skin. It could be caused by several factors.
Psoriasis
Psoriasis is an inflammatory disease caused when the skin tissue produces new cells too rapidly. This results in scaly patches and reddened skin. It most often occurs on the knees, elbows, and scalp. Psoriasis can be induced by stress, illness, lack of sunlight, and a poor diet.
Skin and Wound Health Recipes
Blog Articles for Skin and Wound Health
RESEARCH
The listings of research below represent a compilation of scientific articles found on the topic, with a very brief overview description of each article/study. This compilation of research articles does not necessarily imply that there are adequate results to demonstrate safe and/or effective human use of any herb listed.
GENERAL
- This article provided a thorough overview of the antimicrobial activities of essential oils against skin pathogens. From: Orchard, A., & van Vuuren, S. (2017). Commercial essential oils as potential antimicrobials to treat skin diseases. Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 2017.
- A review of key essential oils and chemical constituents for cosmetic use is presented. Helichrysum is listed as the most popular essential oils used in cosmetics, improving skin circulation, reducing wrinkles, and having regenerative activities. Other oils and constituents are reviewed for their therapeutic actions and potential dermal reactions, including lavender, german chamomile, neroli, peppermint, rosemary, rose, tea tree, anethole, bisabool, carvone, citral, eugenol, farnesol, geraniol, limonene, linalool, and menthol. From: Sarkic, A., & Stappen, I. (2018). Essential oils and their single compounds in cosmetics—A critical review. Cosmetics, 5(1), 11.
- This was a review of research on the use of plants from the Asteraceae family to treat wounds. From: Carvalho Jr, A. R., Diniz, R. M., Suarez, M. A., Figueiredo, C. S., Zagmignan, A., Grisotto, M. A., & da Silva, L. C. (2018). Use of some asteraceae plants for the treatment of wounds: from ethnopharmacological studies to scientific evidences. Frontiers in pharmacology, 9, 784.
- This article reviewed herbs for topical anti-inflammatory activity. From: Graf, J. (2000). Herbal anti-inflammatory agents for skin disease. Skin Therapy Lett, 5(4), 3-5.
- In this review of research, different essential oil blends were found in studies to by synergistically effective against the acne pathogens Staphylococcus epidermidis and Propionibacterium acnes. Blends that included manuka, vetiver, patchouli, cinnamon, and sandalwood were mentioned. From: Orchard, A., Van Vuuren, S. F., Viljoen, A. M., & Kamatou, G. (2018). The in vitro antimicrobial evaluation of commercial essential oils and their combinations against acne. International journal of cosmetic science, 40(3), 226-243.
ALOE
- This was a review of research on botanicals and natural extracts for wound repair. Significant research was found for propolis, Aloe vera, Achillea millefolium, Salvia officinalis, Malva sylvestris, and Casearia sylvestris. From: Medellin-Luna, M. F., Castaneda-Delgado, J. E., Martínez-Balderas, V. Y., & Cervantes-Villagrana, A. R. (2019). Medicinal plant extracts and their use as wound closure inducing agents. Journal of medicinal food, 22(5), 435-443.
- Skin redness in those having acne was reduced with the topical use of aloe vera and tretinoin. From: Hajheydari, Z., Saeedi, M., Morteza-Semnani, K., & Soltani, A. (2014). Effect of Aloe vera topical gel combined with tretinoin in treatment of mild and moderate acne vulgaris: a randomized, double-blind, prospective trial. Journal of Dermatological Treatment, 25(2), 123-129.
- In a burn wound clinic, burns treated with aloe healed faster than those treated with vasoline. From: Visuthikosol, V., Chowchuen, B., Sukwanarat, Y., Sriurairatana, S., & Boonpucknavig, V. (1995). Effect of aloe vera gel to healing of burn wound a clinical and histologic study. J Med Assoc Thai, 78(8), 403-9.
- In this mega review, studies point towards aloe being effective in treating burns; more research is needed. From: Maenthaisong, R., Chaiyakunapruk, N., Niruntraporn, S., & Kongkaew, C. (2007). The efficacy of aloe vera used for burn wound healing: a systematic review. burns, 33(6), 713-718.
- Burn wounds treated with aloe healed better than those treated with silver sulphadiazine. From: Shahzad, M. N., & Ahmed, N. (2013). Effectiveness of Aloe vera gel compared with 1% silver sulphadiazine cream as burn wound dressing in second degree burns. J Pak Med Assoc, 63(2), 225-30.
- Aloe vera extract 0.5% in a hydrophilic cream was safe and effective in treating psoriasis. From: Syed, T. A., Ahmad, S. A., Holt, A. H., Ahmad, S. A., Ahmad, S. H., & Afzal, M. (1996). Management of psoriasis with Aloe vera extract in a hydrophilic cream: a placebo‐controlled, double‐blind study. Tropical Medicine & International Health, 1(4), 505-509.
- Rats with deep burns healed more quickly with the treatment of aloe vera versus silver sulfadiazine. From: Akhoondinasab, M. R., Akhoondinasab, M., & Saberi, M. (2014). Comparison of healing effect of aloe vera extract and silver sulfadiazine in burn injuries in experimental rat model. World J Plast Surg, 3(1), 29-34.
- Aloe gel had a noticeable wound healing effect in rats. From: Tarameshloo, M., Norouzian, M., Zarein-Dolab, S., Dadpay, M., Mohsenifar, J., & Gazor, R. (2012). Aloe vera gel and thyroid hormone cream may improve wound healing in Wistar rats. Anatomy & cell biology, 45(3), 170-177.
- Aloe applied topically significantly reduced wound healing time in rabbits. From: Subramanian, S., Kumar, D. S., & Arulselvan, P. (2006). Wound healing potential of Aloe vera leaf gel studied in experimental rabbits. Asian J Biochem, 1(2), 178-85.
- A major sugar in aloe: mannose-6-phosphate, improved wound healing in rats. From: Davis, R. H., Donato, J. J., Hartman, G. M., & Haas, R. C. (1994). Anti-inflammatory and wound healing activity of a growth substance in Aloe vera. Journal of the American Podiatric Medical Association, 84(2), 77.
- Aloe gel improve the healing of thick wounds in diabetic rats and could be due to a hypoglycemic effect. From: Chithra, P., Sajithlal, G. B., & Chandrakasan, G. (1998). Influence of Aloe vera on the healing of dermal wounds in diabetic rats. Journal of ethnopharmacology, 59(3), 195-201.
- This study showed aloesin derivatives as active components in the wound healing capabilities of aloe. From: Yagi, A., Kabash, A., Okamura, N., Haraguchi, H., Moustafa, S. M., & Khalifa, T. I. (2002). Antioxidant, free radical scavenging and anti-inflammatory effects of aloesin derivatives in Aloe vera. Planta medica, 68(11), 957-960.
- Topical application of aloe gel reduced pain and inflammation in sunburned mice via antioxidant components. From: Saini, D. K., & Saini, M. R. (2011). Evaluation of radioprotective efficacy and possible mechanism of action of Aloe gel. environmental toxicology and pharmacology, 31(3), 427-435.
- In 40 healthy adults, test areas of the back were overexposed to ultraviolet light. A formulation with Aloe vera showed the highest anti-inflammatory effect. Formulations with Chamomilla recutita, Melissa officinalis, Melaleuca alternifolia and Coriandrum sativum showed some anti-inflammatory effect. From: Beikert, F. C., Schönfeld, B. S., Frank, U., & Augustin, M. (2013). Antiinflammatory potential of seven plant extracts in the ultraviolet erythema test. A randomized, placebo-controlled study. Der Hautarzt; Zeitschrift fur Dermatologie, Venerologie, und verwandte Gebiete, 64(1), 40-46.
- In this review of human studies on herbs for wound healing, the following plants were discussed: Aloe vera, Salvia miltiorrhizia, Alchemilla vulgaris, Angelica sinensis, Origanum vulgare, Lavandula stoechas, Radix astragalis, Rehmanniae radix, Ageratina pichinchensis, Calendula officianalis, and Mimosa tenaiflora. From: Lordani, T. V. A., de Lara, C. E., Ferreira, F. B. P., de Souza Terron Monich, M., Mesquita da Silva, C., Lordani, F., … & Lonardoni, M. V. C. (2018). Therapeutic effects of medicinal plants on cutaneous wound healing in humans: A systematic review. Mediators of inflammation, 2018.
ANGELICA
- In this review of human studies on herbs for wound healing, the following plants were discussed: Aloe vera, Salvia miltiorrhizia, Alchemilla vulgaris, Angelica sinensis, Origanum vulgare, Lavandula stoechas, Radix astragalis, Rehmanniae radix, Ageratina pichinchensis, Calendula officianalis, and Mimosa tenaiflora. From: Lordani, T. V. A., de Lara, C. E., Ferreira, F. B. P., de Souza Terron Monich, M., Mesquita da Silva, C., Lordani, F., … & Lonardoni, M. V. C. (2018). Therapeutic effects of medicinal plants on cutaneous wound healing in humans: A systematic review. Mediators of inflammation, 2018.
ARNICA
- In a double blind study of twenty-nine patients undergoing rhytidectomy, arnica reduced bruising compared to placebo based on post surgery computer photos. From: Seeley, B. M., Denton, A. B., Ahn, M. S., & Maas, C. S. (2006). Effect of homeopathic Arnica montana on bruising in face-lifts: results of a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial. Archives of facial plastic surgery, 8(1), 54-59.
- In a double blind study involving 130 patients, sublingual administration of arnica the night before surgery reduced haematomas compared to placebo. From: Ramelet, A. A., Buchheim, G., Lorenz, P., & Imfeld, M. (2000). Homoeopathic arnica in postoperative haematomas: a double-blind study. Dermatology, 201(4), 347-348.
ASTRAGALUS
- In this review of human studies on herbs for wound healing, the following plants were discussed: Aloe vera, Salvia miltiorrhizia, Alchemilla vulgaris, Angelica sinensis, Origanum vulgare, Lavandula stoechas, Radix astragalis, Rehmanniae radix, Ageratina pichinchensis, Calendula officianalis, and Mimosa tenaiflora. From: Lordani, T. V. A., de Lara, C. E., Ferreira, F. B. P., de Souza Terron Monich, M., Mesquita da Silva, C., Lordani, F., … & Lonardoni, M. V. C. (2018). Therapeutic effects of medicinal plants on cutaneous wound healing in humans: A systematic review. Mediators of inflammation, 2018.
AVOCADO
- In a randomized study of 49 patients, avocado oil combined with vitamin b12 was effective against atopic dermatitis. From: Stücker, M., Pieck, C., Stoerb, C., Niedner, R., Hartung, J., & Altmeyer, P. (2004). Topical vitamin B12—a new therapeutic approach in atopic dermatitis—evaluation of efficacy and tolerability in a randomized placebo‐controlled multicentre clinical trial. British Journal of Dermatology, 150(5), 977-983.
BASIL
- In a study with 11 male volunteers with the average age of 48, a 3% Ocimum basilicum cream applied daily for 12 weeks had an anti-aging effect. From: Rasul, A., & Akhtar, N. (2011). Formulation and in vivo evaluation for anti-aging effects of an emulsion containing basil extract using non-invasive biophysical techniques. DARU: Journal of Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, 19(5), 344.
BAYBERRY
- The leaves and bark of Myrica rubra and its quercetin, myricetin and myricetin 3-O-rhamnoside constituents showed skin whitening activity. From: Matsuda, H., Higashino, M., Chen, W., Tosa, H., Iinuma, M., & Kubo, M. (1995). Studies of cuticle drugs from natural sources. III. Inhibitory effect of Myrica rubra on melanin biosynthesis. Biological & pharmaceutical bulletin, 18(8), 1148-1150.
BENZOIN
- Poplar bud absolute, rosemary extract, benzoin resinoid, and turmeric oleoresin inhibited human leukocyte elastase for improved skin healing. From: Baylac, S., & Racine, P. (2004). Inhibition of human leukocyte elastase by natural fragrant extracts of aromatic plants. International Journal of Aromatherapy, 14(4), 179-182.
BERGAMOT
- Bergamot, cilantro, geranium, helichrysum, patchouli, petitgrain, sandalwood, spikenard, and ylang ylang essential oils showed skin anti-inflammatory activity in vitro. From: Han, X., Beaumont, C., & Stevens, N. (2017). Chemical composition analysis and in vitro biological activities of ten essential oils in human skin cells. Biochimie open, 5, 1-7.
BETA CAROTENE
- A supplement of beta carotene was protective against UV skin damage in humans. From: Heinrich, U., Gärtner, C., Wiebusch, M., Eichler, O., Sies, H., Tronnier, H., & Stahl, W. (2003). Supplementation with β-carotene or a similar amount of mixed carotenoids protects humans from UV-induced erythema. The Journal of nutrition, 133(1), 98-101.
BURDOCK
- Burdock fruit extract applied topically significantly improved the metabolism of the dermal extracellular matrix and thus a visible wrinkle reduction in vivo. From: Knott, A., Reuschlein, K., Mielke, H., Wensorra, U., Mummert, C., Koop, U., … & Wenck, H. (2008). Natural Arctium lappa fruit extract improves the clinical signs of aging skin. Journal of cosmetic dermatology, 7(4), 281-289.
- This study demonstrated Arctium lappa (burdock) as useful in reducing dry skin and itching as an ingredient in topical cream. From: Lee, D. H., Seo, E. S., Hong, J. T., Lee, G. T., You, Y. K., Lee, K. K., … & Kim, N. K. (2013). The efficacy and safety of a proposed herbal moisturising cream for dry skin and itch relief: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial-study protocol. BMC complementary and alternative medicine, 13(1), 330.
CALENDULA
- Wound healing was accelerated among patients with venous leg ulcers who used an ointment with C. officinalis. From: Duran, V., Matic, M., Jovanovć, M., Mimica, N., Gajinov, Z., Poljacki, M., & Boza, P. (2004). Results of the clinical examination of an ointment with marigold (Calendula officinalis) extract in the treatment of venous leg ulcers. International journal of tissue reactions, 27(3), 101-106.
- In a study of 50 patients with wound ulcers, an herbal ointment was applied twice a day for 28 days. It contained Symphytum officinale, Plantago major, Calendula officinalis, Matricaria chamomilla, Bellis perennis, Achillea millefolium, Salvia officinalis, Hypericum perforatum, Olea europaea, Lavandula officinalis, Melaleuca alternifolia, Cympobogon martini, Origanum vulgare, Eugenia caryophyllata, Thymus vulgaris ct. thymol, Cera alba, honey, and glycerol. Results showed significant healing of wounds. From: Oreščanin, V. (2016). Treatment of pressure ulcers with Bioapifit® wound healing herbal ointment-a preliminary study. IJRDO: J Biol Sci, 2(10), 1-15.
- A gel containing calendula, German chamomile, and sage reduced hand-foot skin erythema in this double blind study with 27 patients. The gel was applied four times a day for 2 weeks. From: Karimi, E., Gharib, B., Rostami, N., Navidpour, L., & Afshar, M. (2019). Clinical efficacy of a topical polyherbal formulation in the management of fluorouracil-associated hand-foot syndrome. Journal of Herbal Medicine, 100270.
- Extracts of Calendula officinalis stimulated proliferation and migration of fibroblasts at low concentrations. From: Fronza, M., Heinzmann, B., Hamburger, M., Laufer, S., & Merfort, I. (2009). Determination of the wound healing effect of Calendula extracts using the scratch assay with 3T3 fibroblasts. Journal of ethnopharmacology, 126(3), 463-467.
- Calendula and its faradiol constituent demonstrated topical anti-inflammatory activity. From: Della Loggia, R., Tubaro, A., Sosa, S., Becker, H., & Isaac, O. (1994). The role of triterpenoids in the topical anti-inflammatory activity of Calendula officinalis flowers. Planta medica, 60(06), 516-520.
- The calendula plant demonstrated anti-inflammatory and wound healing activity. From: Preethi, K. C., & Kuttan, R. (2009). Wound healing activity of flower extract of Calendula offlcinalis. Journal of basic and clinical physiology and pharmacology, 20(1), 73-80.
- Creams with rosemary and marigold reduced irritation contact dermatitis. From: Fuchs, S. M., Schliemann-Willers, S., Fischer, T. W., & Elsner, P. (2005). Protective effects of different marigold (Calendula officinalis L.) and rosemary cream preparations against sodium-lauryl-sulfate-induced irritant contact dermatitis. Skin pharmacology and physiology, 18(4), 195-200.
- The use of plants to treat skin conditions was reviewed. Plants identified included Calendula officinalis, Chamomilla recutita, Glycyrrhiza, Hamamelis virginiana, Melissa officinalis, and Plantago major. Conditions included acne, dermatitis, herpes simplex, and psoriasis. From: Brown, D. J., & Dattner, A. M. (1998). Phytotherapeutic approaches to common dermatologic conditions. Archives of dermatology, 134(11), 1401-1404.
- In this review of human studies on herbs for wound healing, the following plants were discussed: Aloe vera, Salvia miltiorrhizia, Alchemilla vulgaris, Angelica sinensis, Origanum vulgare, Lavandula stoechas, Radix astragalis, Rehmanniae radix, Ageratina pichinchensis, Calendula officianalis, and Mimosa tenaiflora. From: Lordani, T. V. A., de Lara, C. E., Ferreira, F. B. P., de Souza Terron Monich, M., Mesquita da Silva, C., Lordani, F., … & Lonardoni, M. V. C. (2018). Therapeutic effects of medicinal plants on cutaneous wound healing in humans: A systematic review. Mediators of inflammation, 2018.
CANNABIS / HEMP
- The possibilities of using cannaboids to treat psoriasis was reviewed. From: Derakhshan, N., & Kazemi, M. (2016). Cannabis for Refractory Psoriasis-High Hopes for a Novel Treatment and a Literature Review. Current clinical pharmacology, 11(2), 146-147.
- In a review of using cannabis in a dermatology clinics, the author summarized the following approved indications included: psoriasis, lupus, nail-patella syndrome, and severe pain. The author further indicated that preliminary studies show potential for the plant in treating: acne, dermatitis, pruritus, wound healing, and skin cancer. More human studies are needed. From: Dhadwal, G., & Kirchhof, M. G. (2018). The Risks and Benefits of Cannabis in the Dermatology Clinic. Journal of cutaneous medicine and surgery, 22(2), 194-199.
- Cannabis extracts of CBD showed in vitro anti-inflammatory skin action. From: Fumagalli, M., Sangiovanni, E., Pacchetti, B., Piazza, S., & Dell’Agli, M. (2017). Anti-inflammatory activity of Cannabis sativa L. extracts in an in vitro model of skin inflammation. Planta Medica International Open, 4(S 01), We-SL.
- In a 20 week randomized test, intake of hemp seed oil significantly improved patients’ plasma fatty acid profile and reduced the signs of atopic dermatitis. From: Callaway, J., Schwab, U., Harvima, I., Halonen, P., Mykkänen, O., Hyvönen, P., & Järvinen, T. (2005). Efficacy of dietary hempseed oil in patients with atopic dermatitis. Journal of Dermatological Treatment, 16(2), 87-94.
CARAWAY
- Patchouli, caraway, and geranium showed antibacterial action against S. aureus isolated from skin lesions of infected people. From: Kwiatkowski, P., Mnichowska-Polanowska, M., Pruss, A., Dzięcioł, M., & Masiuk, H. (2017). Experimental Paper. Activity of essential oils against Staphylococcus aureus strains isolated from skin lesions in the course of staphylococcal skin infections. Herba Polonica, 63(1), 43-52.
CARROT
- A cream with extracts from carrot root reducing healing in vivo. From: Patil, M. V. K., Kandhare, A. D., & Bhise, S. D. (2012). Pharmacological evaluation of ethanolic extract of Daucus carota Linn root formulated cream on wound healing using excision and incision wound model. Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine, 2(2), S646-S655.
CHAMOMILE (GERMAN)
- A review of key essential oils and chemical constituents for cosmetic use is presented. Helichrysum is listed as the most popular essential oils used in cosmetics, improving skin circulation, reducing wrinkles, and having regenerative activities. Other oils and constituents are reviewed for their therapeutic actions and potential dermal reactions, including lavender, german chamomile, neroli, peppermint, rosemary, rose, tea tree, anethole, bisabool, carvone, citral, eugenol, farnesol, geraniol, limonene, linalool, and menthol. From: Sarkic, A., & Stappen, I. (2018). Essential oils and their single compounds in cosmetics—A critical review. Cosmetics, 5(1), 11.
- In a study of 50 patients with wound ulcers, an herbal ointment was applied twice a day for 28 days. It contained Symphytum officinale, Plantago major, Calendula officinalis, Matricaria chamomilla, Bellis perennis, Achillea millefolium, Salvia officinalis, Hypericum perforatum, Olea europaea, Lavandula officinalis, Melaleuca alternifolia, Cympobogon martini, Origanum vulgare, Eugenia caryophyllata, Thymus vulgaris ct. thymol, Cera alba, honey, and glycerol. Results showed significant healing of wounds. From: Oreščanin, V. (2016). Treatment of pressure ulcers with Bioapifit® wound healing herbal ointment-a preliminary study. IJRDO: J Biol Sci, 2(10), 1-15.
- Forty patients with mild-to-moderate plaque psoriasis participated in this double-blind, randomized clinical trial. A German chamomile extract with pumpkin seed oil or a placebo was applied twice a day for 4 weeks. Symptoms significantly reduced in the treatment group. From: Kolahdooz, S., Karimi, M., Esmaili, N., Zargaran, A., Kordafshari, G., Mozafari, N., & Ayati, M. H. (2018). Evaluation of the efficacy of a topical chamomile-pumpkin oleogel for the treatment of plaque psoriasis: an intra-patient, double-blind, randomized clinical trial. Biomedical Research and Therapy, 5(11), 2811-2819.
- A gel containing calendula, German chamomile, and sage reduced hand-foot skin erythema in this double blind study with 27 patients. The gel was applied four times a day for 2 weeks. From: Karimi, E., Gharib, B., Rostami, N., Navidpour, L., & Afshar, M. (2019). Clinical efficacy of a topical polyherbal formulation in the management of fluorouracil-associated hand-foot syndrome. Journal of Herbal Medicine, 100270.
- Chamomile extract as a rubbing oil accelerated burn wound healing in rats. From: Jarrahi, M. (2008). An experimental study of the effects of Matricaria chamomilla extract on cutaneous burn wound healing in albino rats. Natural product research, 22(5), 422-427.
- The study concluded that chamomile in comparison to corticosteroids promotes faster wound healing process. From: Martins, M. D., Marques, M. M., Bussadori, S. K., Martins, M. A. T., Pavesi, V. C. S., Mesquita‐Ferrari, R. A., & Fernandes, K. P. S. (2009). Comparative analysis between Chamomilla recutita and corticosteroids on wound healing. An in vitro and in vivo study. Phytotherapy Research, 23(2), 274-278.
- This paper reviews the wound healing potential of essential oils, including lavender, tea tree, and chamomile. From: Woollard, A. C., Tatham, K. C., & Barker, S. (2007). The influence of essential oils on the process of wound healing: a review of the current evidence. Journal of wound care, 16(6), 255-257.
- A cream containing Matriciaria recutita flower extracts was effective in atopic dermatitis in a double blind study. From: Patzelt-Wenczler, R., & Ponce-Pöschl, E. (2000). Proof of efficacy of Kamillosan (R) cream in atopic eczema. European journal of medical research, 5(4), 171-175.
- Chamomile along with conventional antihistamines could be used to treat severe itching (pruritus). From: Kobayashi, Y., Takahashi, R., & Ogino, F. (2005). Antipruritic effect of the single oral administration of German chamomile flower extract and its combined effect with antiallergic agents in ddY mice. Journal of ethnopharmacology, 101(1), 308-312.
- German chamomile can be recommended to relieve itching and inflammation and heal peristomal skin lesions. From: Charousaei, F., Dabirian, A., & Mojab, F. (2011). Using chamomile solution or a 1% topical hydrocortisone ointment in the management of peristomal skin lesions in colostomy patients: results of a controlled clinical study. Ostomy-Wound Management, 57(5), 28.
- The use of plants to treat skin conditions was reviewed. Plants identified included Calendula officinalis, Chamomilla recutita, Glycyrrhiza, Hamamelis virginiana, Melissa officinalis, and Plantago major. Conditions included acne, dermatitis, herpes simplex, and psoriasis. From: Brown, D. J., & Dattner, A. M. (1998). Phytotherapeutic approaches to common dermatologic conditions. Archives of dermatology, 134(11), 1401-1404.
- In 40 healthy adults, test areas of the back were overexposed to ultraviolet light. A formulation with Aloe vera showed the highest anti-inflammatory effect. Formulations with Chamomilla recutita, Melissa officinalis, Melaleuca alternifolia and Coriandrum sativum showed some anti-inflammatory effect. From: Beikert, F. C., Schönfeld, B. S., Frank, U., & Augustin, M. (2013). Antiinflammatory potential of seven plant extracts in the ultraviolet erythema test. A randomized, placebo-controlled study. Der Hautarzt; Zeitschrift fur Dermatologie, Venerologie, und verwandte Gebiete, 64(1), 40-46.
CHAMOMILE (ROMAN)
- Manzana type chamomile was more effective than hydrocortisone cream in treating atopic eczema in this partially double-blind, randomized study. From: Patzelt-Wenczler, R., & Ponce-Pöschl, E. (2000). Proof of efficacy of Kamillosan (R) cream in atopic eczema. European journal of medical research, 5(4), 171-175. Read more: Link
- A Chamaemelum nobile ointment was antibacterial and wound healing in vivo. From: Kazemian, H., Ghafourian, S., Sadeghifard, N., Houshmandfar, R., Badakhsh, B., Taji, A., … & Heidari, H. (2018). In vivo antibacterial and wound healing activities of Roman chamomile (Chamaemelum nobile). Infectious Disorders-Drug Targets (Formerly Current Drug Targets-Infectious Disorders), 18(1), 41-45. Read more: Link
- In a study of 101 patients with recurrent mouth ulcers, a Zataria multiflora and Anthemis nobilis preparation was better than an M. communis preparation at reducing pain. From: Jafari, S., Amanlou, M., Borhan-mojabi, K., & Farsam, H. (2003). Comparartive study of Zataria multiflora and Anthemis nobelis extracts with Myrthus communis preparation in the treatment of recurrent aphthous stomatitis. DARU Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 11(1), 23-7. Read more: Link
- This was a review of research on the use of plants from the Asteraceae family to treat wounds. From: Carvalho Jr, A. R., Diniz, R. M., Suarez, M. A., Figueiredo, C. S., Zagmignan, A., Grisotto, M. A., … & da Silva, L. C. (2018). Use of some asteraceae plants for the treatment of wounds: from ethnopharmacological studies to scientific evidences. Frontiers in pharmacology, 9, 784. Read more: Link
CILANTRO
- Bergamot, cilantro, geranium, helichrysum, patchouli, petitgrain, sandalwood, spikenard, and ylang ylang essential oils showed skin anti-inflammatory activity in vitro. From: Han, X., Beaumont, C., & Stevens, N. (2017). Chemical composition analysis and in vitro biological activities of ten essential oils in human skin cells. Biochimie open, 5, 1-7.
CISTUS
- Extracts from dried C. incanus and C. ladanifer were high in polyphenol content and these constituents: epicatechin, epigallocatechin gallate, and myricitrin. In vitro analysis demonstrated these potential skin benefits: antioxidant, UV-protecting, anti-hyperpigmentation, and skin cancer-preventative. From: Gaweł-Bęben, K., et al. (2020). Characterization of Cistus× incanus L. and Cistus ladanifer L. extracts as potential multifunctional antioxidant ingredients for skin protecting cosmetics. Antioxidants, 9(3), 202.
- Tested cistus species showed a broad range of antibacterial activity, especially against pathogens associated with skin infections. From: Politeo, O., Maravić, A., Burčul, F., Carev, I., & Kamenjarin, J. (2018). Phytochemical Composition and Antimicrobial Activity of Essential Oils of Wild Growing Cistus species in Croatia. Natural Product Communications, 13(6), 1934578X1801300631.
CLARY SAGE
- Clary sage showed antimicrobial action against staphylococci that may be applicable for topical wound healing. From: Sienkiewicz, M., Głowacka, A., Poznańska-Kurowska, K., Kaszuba, A., Urbaniak, A., & Kowalczyk, E. (2015). The effect of clary sage oil on staphylococci responsible for wound infections. Advances in Dermatology and Allergology/Postȩpy Dermatologii i Alergologii, 32(1), 21.
CLEAVERS
- Cleavers showed strong antimicrobial activity against tested skin bacteria and fungi. From: Jan, A. K., Shah, M. R., Anis, I., & Marwat, I. K. (2009). In vitro antifungal and antibacterial activities of extracts of Galium tricornutum subsp. longipedunculatum. Journal of enzyme inhibition and medicinal chemistry, 24(1), 192-196.
CLOVE
- In a study of 50 patients with wound ulcers, an herbal ointment was applied twice a day for 28 days. It contained Symphytum officinale, Plantago major, Calendula officinalis, Matricaria chamomilla, Bellis perennis, Achillea millefolium, Salvia officinalis, Hypericum perforatum, Olea europaea, Lavandula officinalis, Melaleuca alternifolia, Cympobogon martini, Origanum vulgare, Eugenia caryophyllata, Thymus vulgaris ct. thymol, Cera alba, honey, and glycerol. Results showed significant healing of wounds. From: Oreščanin, V. (2016). Treatment of pressure ulcers with Bioapifit® wound healing herbal ointment-a preliminary study. IJRDO: J Biol Sci, 2(10), 1-15.
CLOVER
- Based on research that estrogen improves skin thickness, collagen, and moisture, a study was conducted in which rats with low estrogen were fed red clover extract with 11% isoflavones and showed improved skin. From: Circosta, C., Pasquale, R. D., Palumbo, D. R., Samperi, S., & Occhiuto, F. (2006). Effects of isoflavones from red clover (Trifolium pratense) on skin changes induced by ovariectomy in rats. Phytotherapy research, 20(12), 1096-1099.
COFFEE
- In a study with 49 females that had dry skin, an eight week intake of coffee polyphenols, including chlorogenic acid, resulted in significantly lowered skin dryness, decreasing transepidermal water loss, and improving skin surface pH. Further, it increased stratum corneum hydration, skin blood flow, and the amounts of free fatty acids and lactic acid in the stratum corneum. From: Fukagawa, S., Haramizu, S., Sasaoka, S., Yasuda, Y., Tsujimura, H., & Murase, T. (2017). Coffee polyphenols extracted from green coffee beans improve skin properties and microcirculatory function. Bioscience, biotechnology, and biochemistry, 81(9), 1814-1822.
- An herbal mixture containing ginger root, black pepper fruit, java long pepper fruit, Camellia sinensis tea leaves, and coffee beans was applied as hot compresses in 21 overweight female volunteers. The treatment was applied twice a week for 11 weeks. It was a double-blind randomized placebo controlled study where one of the participants thighs was treated with an herb and the other was treated with a placebo. From: Ngamdokmai, N., Waranuch, N., Chootip, K., Jampachaisri, K., Scholfield, C. N., & Ingkaninan, K. (2018). Cellulite Reduction by Modified Thai Herbal Compresses; A Randomized Double-Blind Trial. Journal of evidence-based integrative medicine, 23, 2515690X18794158.
COMFREY
- In a study of 712 children with superficial wound abrasions, a comfrey cream offered an excellent benefit to risk ratio. From: Kucera, A., Barna, M., Holcova, S., Horacek, O., Hladiková, M., & Ottillinger, B. (2018). Tolerability and effectiveness of an antitrauma cream with comfrey herb extract in pediatric use with application on intact and on broken skin. International Journal of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, 5(4), 135-141.
CORRIANDER
- In 40 volunteers, a placebo controlled study showed that induced skin redness and inflammation was reduced greater with a lotion containing 0.5% or 1.0% coriander seed oil over the hydrocortisone placebo. From: Reuter, J., Huyke, C., Casetti, F., Theek, C., Frank, U., Augustin, M., & Schempp, C. (2008). Anti‐inflammatory potential of a lipolotion containing coriander oil in the ultraviolet erythema test. JDDG: Journal der Deutschen Dermatologischen Gesellschaft, 6(10), 847-851.
- In 40 healthy adults, test areas of the back were overexposed to ultraviolet light. A formulation with Aloe vera showed the highest anti-inflammatory effect. Formulations with Chamomilla recutita, Melissa officinalis, Melaleuca alternifolia and Coriandrum sativum showed some anti-inflammatory effect. From: Beikert, F. C., Schönfeld, B. S., Frank, U., & Augustin, M. (2013). Antiinflammatory potential of seven plant extracts in the ultraviolet erythema test. A randomized, placebo-controlled study. Der Hautarzt; Zeitschrift fur Dermatologie, Venerologie, und verwandte Gebiete, 64(1), 40-46.
- Nine essential oils were studied and showed potential to heal human skin cells in vitro. They included: Citrus bergamia (bergamot), Coriandrum sativum (cilantro), Pelargonium graveolens (geranium), Helichrysum italicum (helichrysum), Pogostemon cablin (patchouli), Citrus aurantium (petitgrain), Santalum album (sandalwood), Nardostachys jatamansi (spikenard), and Cananga odorata (ylang ylang). From: Han, X., Beaumont, C., & Stevens, N. (2017). Chemical composition analysis and in vitro biological activities of ten essential oils in human skin cells. Biochimie Open, 5, 1-7.
- Coriander seed essential oil was active against multiple tested bacteria that cause skin infections in vitro. Further, a 0.5% and a 1.0% cream was tested on 40 volunteers, none of which had skin any skin irritation reactions. From: Casetti, F., Bartelke, S., Biehler, K., Augustin, M., Schempp, C. M., & Frank, U. (2012). Antimicrobial activity against bacteria with dermatological relevance and skin tolerance of the essential oil from Coriandrum sativum L. fruits. Phytotherapy research, 26(3), 420-424.
COMFREY
- In a study of 50 patients with wound ulcers, an herbal ointment was applied twice a day for 28 days. It contained Symphytum officinale, Plantago major, Calendula officinalis, Matricaria chamomilla, Bellis perennis, Achillea millefolium, Salvia officinalis, Hypericum perforatum, Olea europaea, Lavandula officinalis, Melaleuca alternifolia, Cympobogon martini, Origanum vulgare, Eugenia caryophyllata, Thymus vulgaris ct. thymol, Cera alba, honey, and glycerol. Results showed significant healing of wounds. From: Oreščanin, V. (2016). Treatment of pressure ulcers with Bioapifit® wound healing herbal ointment-a preliminary study. IJRDO: J Biol Sci, 2(10), 1-15.
- A topical preparation containing comfrey reduced wound healing time of adults and children without side effects. From: Barna, M., Kucera, A., Hladikova, M., & Kucera, M. (2012). Randomized double-blind study: wound-healing effects of a symphytum herb extract cream (Symphytum× uplandicum Nyman) in Children. Arzneimittelforschung, 62(06), 285-289.
DAISY
- In a study of 50 patients with wound ulcers, an herbal ointment was applied twice a day for 28 days. It contained Symphytum officinale, Plantago major, Calendula officinalis, Matricaria chamomilla, Bellis perennis, Achillea millefolium, Salvia officinalis, Hypericum perforatum, Olea europaea, Lavandula officinalis, Melaleuca alternifolia, Cympobogon martini, Origanum vulgare, Eugenia caryophyllata, Thymus vulgaris ct. thymol, Cera alba, honey, and glycerol. Results showed significant healing of wounds. From: Oreščanin, V. (2016). Treatment of pressure ulcers with Bioapifit® wound healing herbal ointment-a preliminary study. IJRDO: J Biol Sci, 2(10), 1-15.
FLAXSEED
- A flaxseed oil omega 3 fatty acid supplement in a study of 60 patients with diabetic foot ulcers over 12 weeks significantly reduced symptoms compared to the placebo. From: Soleimani, Z., Hashemdokht, F., Bahmani, F., Taghizadeh, M., Memarzadeh, M. R., & Asemi, Z. (2017). Clinical and metabolic response to flaxseed oil omega-3 fatty acids supplementation in patients with diabetic foot ulcer: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Journal of diabetes and its complications, 31(9), 1394-1400.
GERANIUM
- This human study showed that a tonic with 0.25% Pelargonium graveolens essential oil was effective in reducing sebum production on face skin. It further stated that excessive sebum production can contribute to skin disorders such as acne vulgaris or seborrheic dermatitis. From: Kozlowska, J., Kaczmarkiewicz, A., Stachowiak, N., & Sionkowska, A. (2017). Evaluation of Sebostatic Activity of Juniperus communis Fruit Oil and Pelargonium graveolens Oil Compared to Niacinamide. Cosmetics, 4(3), 36.
- A formulation containing Oliveria decumbens and Pelargonium graveolens essential oils improved healing of Staphylococcus aureus infected wounds in mice. From: Mahboubi, M., Feizabadi, M. M., Khamechian, T., Kazempour, N., Zadeh, M. R., Sasani, F., & Bekhradi, M. (2016). The effect of Oliveria decumbens and Pelargonium graveolens on healing of infected skin wounds in mice. World journal of plastic surgery, 5(3), 259.
- Patchouli, caraway, and geranium showed antibacterial action against S. aureus isolated from skin lesions of infected people. From: Kwiatkowski, P., Mnichowska-Polanowska, M., Pruss, A., Dzięcioł, M., & Masiuk, H. (2017). Experimental Paper. Activity of essential oils against Staphylococcus aureus strains isolated from skin lesions in the course of staphylococcal skin infections. Herba Polonica, 63(1), 43-52.
- Bergamot, cilantro, geranium, helichrysum, patchouli, petitgrain, sandalwood, spikenard, and ylang ylang essential oils showed skin anti-inflammatory activity in vitro. From: Han, X., Beaumont, C., & Stevens, N. (2017). Chemical composition analysis and in vitro biological activities of ten essential oils in human skin cells. Biochimie open, 5, 1-7.
GINGER
- In a study of 32 participants with acne, intake of ginger reduced lesion count. From: Miglani, A., & Manchanda, R. K. (2014). Prospective, non‐randomised, open‐label study of homeopathic Z ingiber officinale (ginger) in the treatment of acne vulgaris. Focus on Alternative and Complementary Therapies, 19(4), 191-197.
- The constituent, 10-Shogaol, isolated from ginger, showed an antioxidant action, improved skin growth and wound repair in vitro. From: Chen, C. Y., Cheng, K. C., Chang, A. Y., Lin, Y. T., Hseu, Y. C., & Wang, H. M. (2012). 10-Shogaol, an antioxidant from Zingiber officinale for skin cell proliferation and migration enhancer. International journal of molecular sciences, 13(2), 1762-1777.
- The gingerol constituent isolated from ginger showed chemopreventive and anti-inflammatory action in skin cells in vitro. From: Park, K. K., Chun, K. S., Lee, J. M., Lee, S. S., & Surh, Y. J. (1998). Inhibitory effects of [6]-gingerol, a major pungent principle of ginger, on phorbol ester-induced inflammation, epidermal ornithine decarboxylase activity and skin tumor promotion in ICR mice. Cancer letters, 129(2), 139-144.
GOTU KOLA
- A double blind clinical study of 25 women using a cream containing rosemary and gotu kola extracts for 4 weeks demonstrated improved skin firmness. From: Sommerfeld, B. (2007). Randomised, placebo-controlled, double-blind, split-face study on the clinical efficacy of Tricutan® on skin firmness. Phytomedicine, 14(11), 711-715.
GRAPEFRUIT
- In a study of 95 women, long term ingestion of a supplement containing rosemary and grapefruit extracts improved the visual signs of sun damage on the skin, including elasticity, wrinkles, and color. From: Nobile, V., Michelotti, A., Cestone, E., Caturla, N., Castillo, J., Benavente-García, O., … & Micol, V. (2016). Skin photoprotective and antiageing effects of a combination of rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis) and grapefruit (Citrus paradisi) polyphenols. Food & nutrition research, 60(1), 31871.
GREEN TEA
- This article provided a review of studies showing green tea and its polyphenols showed a photoprotective and anti-aging effect on skin. From: Roh, E., Kim, J. E., Kwon, J. Y., Park, J. S., Bode, A. M., Dong, Z., & Lee, K. W. (2017). Molecular mechanisms of green tea polyphenols with protective effects against skin photoaging. Critical reviews in food science and nutrition, 57(8), 1631-1637.
- An herbal mixture containing ginger root, black pepper fruit, java long pepper fruit, Camellia sinensis tea leaves, and coffee beans was applied as hot compresses in 21 overweight female volunteers. The treatment was applied twice a week for 11 weeks. It was a double-blind randomized placebo controlled study where one of the participants thighs was treated with an herb and the other was treated with a placebo. From: Ngamdokmai, N., Waranuch, N., Chootip, K., Jampachaisri, K., Scholfield, C. N., & Ingkaninan, K. (2018). Cellulite Reduction by Modified Thai Herbal Compresses; A Randomized Double-Blind Trial. Journal of evidence-based integrative medicine, 23, 2515690X18794158.
HELICHRYSUM
- A review of key essential oils and chemical constituents for cosmetic use is presented. Helichrysum is listed as the most popular essential oils used in cosmetics, improving skin circulation, reducing wrinkles, and having regenerative activities. Other oils and constituents are reviewed for their therapeutic actions and potential dermal reactions, including lavender, german chamomile, neroli, peppermint, rosemary, rose, tea tree, anethole, bisabool, carvone, citral, eugenol, farnesol, geraniol, limonene, linalool, and menthol. From: Sarkic, A., & Stappen, I. (2018). Essential oils and their single compounds in cosmetics—A critical review. Cosmetics, 5(1), 11.
- Blog article at uhRohMuh: Can Helichrysum Oil Help Improve Skin?
- Bergamot, cilantro, geranium, helichrysum, patchouli, petitgrain, sandalwood, spikenard, and ylang ylang essential oils showed skin anti-inflammatory activity in vitro. From: Han, X., Beaumont, C., & Stevens, N. (2017). Chemical composition analysis and in vitro biological activities of ten essential oils in human skin cells. Biochimie open, 5, 1-7.
- H. italicum has anti-hematomal properties are used for bruises, red veins, and trauma to superficial soft tissue. From: Rhind, J. (2012). Essential oils: A handbook for aromatherapy practice (2nd ed.). London: Singing Dragon. AND From: Price, S. & Price, L. (2007).
- Helichrysum italicum essential oil and its constituents of alpha pinene and limonene demonstrated in vitro anticollagenase and antielastaste activities. From: Fraternale, D., Flamini, G., & Ascrizzi, R. (2019). In Vitro Anticollagenase and Antielastase Activities of Essential Oil of Helichrysum italicum subsp. italicum (Roth) G. Don. Journal of medicinal food.
- Tested helychrysum species demontrated antibacterial, antifungal, and antiviral activities in vitro against a variety of tested pathogens. From: Kutluk, I., Aslan, M., Orhan, I. E., & Özçelik, B. (2018). Antibacterial, antifungal and antiviral bioactivities of selected Helichrysum species. South African journal of botany, 119, 252-257.
HOLLYHOCK
- In a double blind study, patients with face lesions from leishmaniasis showed improvement with a topical treatment of marshmallow and hollyhock. From: Zerehsaz, F., Salmanpour, R., Handjani, F., Ardehali, S., Panjehshahin, M. R., Tabei, S. Z., & Tabatabaee, H. R. (1999). A double‐blind randomized clinical trial of a topical herbal extract (Z‐HE) vs. systemic meglumine antimoniate for the treatment of cutaneous leishmaniasis in Iran. International journal of dermatology, 38(8), 610-612.
HONEY
- In a study of 50 patients with wound ulcers, an herbal ointment was applied twice a day for 28 days. It contained Symphytum officinale, Plantago major, Calendula officinalis, Matricaria chamomilla, Bellis perennis, Achillea millefolium, Salvia officinalis, Hypericum perforatum, Olea europaea, Lavandula officinalis, Melaleuca alternifolia, Cympobogon martini, Origanum vulgare, Eugenia caryophyllata, Thymus vulgaris ct. thymol, Cera alba, honey, and glycerol. Results showed significant healing of wounds. From: Oreščanin, V. (2016). Treatment of pressure ulcers with Bioapifit® wound healing herbal ointment-a preliminary study. IJRDO: J Biol Sci, 2(10), 1-15.
JASMINE
- Increased wound healing was demonstrated in vivo with extracts of Jasminum sambac. From: Anima, P., Arun, M., & Satish, S. (2019). Scientific validation of wound healing potential of Jasminum sambac Ait. South African Journal of Botany, 121, 584-589.
JUNIPER
- Oils of J. oxycedrus subsp. oxycedrus and J. phoenicea display remarkable wound healing and anti-inflammatory activities. From: Tumen, I., Süntar, I., Keleş, H., & Küpeli Akkol, E. (2011). A therapeutic approach for wound healing by using essential oils of Cupressus and Juniperus species growing in Turkey. Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 2012.
KUNZEA
- Kunzea essential oil showed in vitro antimicrobial activity, some mosquito repelling activity in humans, and may be useful in treating skin fungal and bacterial infections based on a study on horses. From: Thomas, J. (2012). Kunzea oil: investigation of composition, bioactivity and therapeitic potential (Doctoral dissertation, University of Tasmania).
- Horses showed reduced dermatitis with the treatment of a 20% kunzea oil compared to the placebo. From: Thomas, J., Narkowicz, C., Peterson, G. M., Jacobson, G. A., & Narayana, A. (2009). Randomised controlled trial of the treatment of pastern dermatitis with a formulation containing kunzea oil. Veterinary Record, 164(20), 619-623.
LADY’S MANTLE
- In this review of human studies on herbs for wound healing, the following plants were discussed: Aloe vera, Salvia miltiorrhizia, Alchemilla vulgaris, Angelica sinensis, Origanum vulgare, Lavandula stoechas, Radix astragalis, Rehmanniae radix, Ageratina pichinchensis, Calendula officianalis, and Mimosa tenaiflora. From: Lordani, T. V. A., de Lara, C. E., Ferreira, F. B. P., de Souza Terron Monich, M., Mesquita da Silva, C., Lordani, F., … & Lonardoni, M. V. C. (2018). Therapeutic effects of medicinal plants on cutaneous wound healing in humans: A systematic review. Mediators of inflammation, 2018.
LAVENDER
- A review of key essential oils and chemical constituents for cosmetic use is presented. Helichrysum is listed as the most popular essential oils used in cosmetics, improving skin circulation, reducing wrinkles, and having regenerative activities. Other oils and constituents are reviewed for their therapeutic actions and potential dermal reactions, including lavender, german chamomile, neroli, peppermint, rosemary, rose, tea tree, anethole, bisabool, carvone, citral, eugenol, farnesol, geraniol, limonene, linalool, and menthol. From: Sarkic, A., & Stappen, I. (2018). Essential oils and their single compounds in cosmetics—A critical review. Cosmetics, 5(1), 11.
- In a study of 50 patients with wound ulcers, an herbal ointment was applied twice a day for 28 days. It contained Symphytum officinale, Plantago major, Calendula officinalis, Matricaria chamomilla, Bellis perennis, Achillea millefolium, Salvia officinalis, Hypericum perforatum, Olea europaea, Lavandula officinalis, Melaleuca alternifolia, Cympobogon martini, Origanum vulgare, Eugenia caryophyllata, Thymus vulgaris ct. thymol, Cera alba, honey, and glycerol. Results showed significant healing of wounds. From: Oreščanin, V. (2016). Treatment of pressure ulcers with Bioapifit® wound healing herbal ointment-a preliminary study. IJRDO: J Biol Sci, 2(10), 1-15.
- This paper reviews the wound healing potential of essential oils, including lavender, tea tree, and chamomile. From: Woollard, A. C., Tatham, K. C., & Barker, S. (2007). The influence of essential oils on the process of wound healing: a review of the current evidence. Journal of wound care, 16(6), 255-257.
- Patients had reduced inflammation level, ulcer size, healing time, and pain from recurrent aphthous ulcerations with topical use of lavender oil. From: Altaei, D. T. (2012). Topical lavender oil for the treatment of recurrent aphthous ulceration. American journal of dentistry, 25(1), 39-43.
- This study suggested using lavender essential oil instead of Povidone-iodine topically for episiotomy wound care. From: Vakilian, K., Atarha, M., Bekhradi, R., & Chaman, R. (2011). Healing advantages of lavender essential oil during episiotomy recovery: a clinical trial. Complementary therapies in clinical practice, 17(1), 50-53.
- In this review of human studies on herbs for wound healing, the following plants were discussed: Aloe vera, Salvia miltiorrhizia, Alchemilla vulgaris, Angelica sinensis, Origanum vulgare, Lavandula stoechas, Radix astragalis, Rehmanniae radix, Ageratina pichinchensis, Calendula officianalis, and Mimosa tenaiflora. From: Lordani, T. V. A., de Lara, C. E., Ferreira, F. B. P., de Souza Terron Monich, M., Mesquita da Silva, C., Lordani, F., … & Lonardoni, M. V. C. (2018). Therapeutic effects of medicinal plants on cutaneous wound healing in humans: A systematic review. Mediators of inflammation, 2018.
- In a study of 89 women who had received an episiotomy, olive oil and lavender oil added to a sitz bath improved healing. From: Behmanesh, F., Tofighi, M., Delavar, M. A., Zeinalzadeh, M., Moghadamnia, A. A., & Khafri, S. A. (2011). A Clinical trial to compare the effectiveness of Lavender essential oil and olive oil at healing postpartum mother’s perinea. Healthmed, 5(6), 1512-6. Read more…
LEMON
- Related to treating human skin against oxidative damage, lemon essential oil is was more active than tocopherol against oxygen and peroxide free radical inhibition. From: Bertuzzi, G., Tirillini, B., Angelini, P., & Venanzoni, R. (2013). Antioxidative action of Citrus limonum essential oil on skin. European Journal of Medicinal Plants, 3(1), 1
LICORICE
- In a double blind study over two weeks, a gel with licorice was effective in treating atopic dermatitis. From: Saeedi, M., Morteza‐Semnani, K., & Ghoreishi, M. R. (2003). The treatment of atopic dermatitis with licorice gel. Journal of Dermatological Treatment, 14(3), 153-157.
- A cream containing licorice was effective in treating atopic dermatitis in a multicenter study. From: Abramovits, W., & Boguniewicz, M. (2006). A multicenter, randomized, vehicle-controlled clinical study to examine the efficacy and safety of MAS063DP (Atopiclair) in the management of mild to moderate atopic dermatitis in adults. Journal of drugs in dermatology: JDD, 5(3), 236-244.
- The use of plants to treat skin conditions was reviewed. Plants identified included Calendula officinalis, Chamomilla recutita, Glycyrrhiza, Hamamelis virginiana, Melissa officinalis, and Plantago major. Conditions included acne, dermatitis, herpes simplex, and psoriasis. From: Brown, D. J., & Dattner, A. M. (1998). Phytotherapeutic approaches to common dermatologic conditions. Archives of dermatology, 134(11), 1401-1404.
LITSEA
- Antimicrobial action of litsea, rosemary, and lemon were demonstrated against tested skin microbes. From: Ogbechie, A., Abioye, A. O., Shen, J., & Laird, K. (2017). Antimicrobial activity of Litsea cubeba, Rosmarinus officinalis and Citrus lemon essential oils against five skin-infection related pathogens. Phytochemical Society of Europe.
MANUKA
- Topical application of manuka oil on mice was anti-photoaging, showing anti-inflammatory activity and suppressing the UV-B-induced increase in skin thickness and wrinkle grading. From: Kwon, O. S., Jung, S. H., & Yang, B. S. (2013). Topical administration of manuka oil prevents UV-B irradiation-induced cutaneous photoaging in mice. Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 2013.
MARSHMALLOW
- This was a review of research on botanicals and natural extracts for wound repair. Significant research was found for propolis, Aloe vera, Achillea millefolium, Salvia officinalis, Malva sylvestris, and Casearia sylvestris. From: Medellin-Luna, M. F., Castaneda-Delgado, J. E., Martínez-Balderas, V. Y., & Cervantes-Villagrana, A. R. (2019). Medicinal plant extracts and their use as wound closure inducing agents. Journal of medicinal food, 22(5), 435-443.
- In a double blind study, patients with face lesions from leishmaniasis showed improvement with a topical treatment of marshmallow and hollyhock. From: Zerehsaz, F., Salmanpour, R., Handjani, F., Ardehali, S., Panjehshahin, M. R., Tabei, S. Z., & Tabatabaee, H. R. (1999). A double‐blind randomized clinical trial of a topical herbal extract (Z‐HE) vs. systemic meglumine antimoniate for the treatment of cutaneous leishmaniasis in Iran. International journal of dermatology, 38(8), 610-612.
MEADOWSWEET
- Meadowsweet and boldo extracts reduced bacteria that cause atopic dermatitis in 25 pet dogs with symptoms. From: Santoro, D., Ahrens, K., Vesny, R., Navarro, C., Gatto, H., & Marsella, R. (2017). Evaluation of the in vitro effect of Boldo and Meadowsweet plant extracts on the expression of antimicrobial peptides and inflammatory markers in canine keratinocytes. Research in veterinary science, 115, 255-262.
MELISSA
- The use of plants to treat skin conditions was reviewed. Plants identified included Calendula officinalis, Chamomilla recutita, Glycyrrhiza, Hamamelis virginiana, Melissa officinalis, and Plantago major. Conditions included acne, dermatitis, herpes simplex, and psoriasis. From: Brown, D. J., & Dattner, A. M. (1998). Phytotherapeutic approaches to common dermatologic conditions. Archives of dermatology, 134(11), 1401-1404.
- In 40 healthy adults, test areas of the back were overexposed to ultraviolet light. A formulation with Aloe vera showed the highest anti-inflammatory effect. Formulations with Chamomilla recutita, Melissa officinalis, Melaleuca alternifolia and Coriandrum sativum showed some anti-inflammatory effect. From: Beikert, F. C., Schönfeld, B. S., Frank, U., & Augustin, M. (2013). Antiinflammatory potential of seven plant extracts in the ultraviolet erythema test. A randomized, placebo-controlled study. Der Hautarzt; Zeitschrift fur Dermatologie, Venerologie, und verwandte Gebiete, 64(1), 40-46.
MORINGA
- A moringa leaf extract demonstrated significant wound healing activities in rats. From: Rathi, B. S., Bodhankar, S. L., & Baheti, A. M. (2006). Evaluation of aqueous leaves extract of Moringa oleifera Linn for wound healing in albino rats.
- A moringa leaf extract showed anti-atopic dermatitis activity both in vitro and in vivo by regulating the inflammatory response. From: Choi, E. J., Debnath, T., Tang, Y., Ryu, Y. B., Moon, S. H., & Kim, E. K. (2016). Topical application of Moringa oleifera leaf extract ameliorates experimentally induced atopic dermatitis by the regulation of Th1/Th2/Th17 balance. Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy, 84, 870-877.
- A skin cream containing 3% moringa leaf extract was applied twice daily for 3 months in 11 healthy males ages 20 – 35 and showed reduced signs of aging. From: Ali, A., Akhtar, N., & Chowdhary, F. (2014). Enhancement of human skin facial revitalization by moringa leaf extract cream. Advances in Dermatology and Allergology/Postȩpy Dermatologii i Alergologii, 31(2), 71.
- A topical application of a moringa alcohol extracts reduced induced skin papillomas in mice. From: Bharali, R., Tabassum, J., & Azad, M. R. H. (2003). Chemomodulatory effect of Moringa oleifera, Lam, on hepatic carcinogen metabolising enzymes, antioxidant parameters and skin papillomagenesis in mice. Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention, 4(2), 131-140.
- An aqueous extract of moringa showed antibacterial activities and accelerated wound healing activties in diabetic rats with wounds. From: Muhammad, A. A., Arulselvan, P., Cheah, P. S., Abas, F., & Fakurazi, S. (2016). Evaluation of wound healing properties of bioactive aqueous fraction from Moringa oleifera Lam on experimentally induced diabetic animal model. Drug design, development and therapy, 10, 1715.
- A moringa bark extract was wound healing in rats. From: Lambole, V., & Kumar, U. (2012). Effect of Moringa oleifera Lam. on normal and dexamethasone suppressed wound healing. Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine, 2(1), S219-S223.
MULLEIN
- Verbascum mucronatum (mullein) showed antinociceptive, anti-inflammatory and wound healing activities in rodents. From: Akdemir, Z., Kahraman, Ç., Tatlı, I. I., Akkol, E. K., Süntar, I., & Keles, H. (2011). Bioassay-guided isolation of anti-inflammatory, antinociceptive and wound healer glycosides from the flowers of Verbascum mucronatum Lam. Journal of ethnopharmacology, 136(3), 436-443.
- Verbascum species demonstrated remarkable wound healing activity, verifying folk use of the plant. From: Süntar, I., Tatlı, I. I., Akkol, E. K., Keleş, H., Kahraman, Ç., & Akdemir, Z. (2010). An ethnopharmacological study on Verbascum species: From conventional wound healing use to scientific verification. Journal of ethnopharmacology, 132(2), 408-413.
MYRRH
- In vitro and in vivo studies showed wound healing related to antibacterial action of myrrh essential oil and resin. From: Gebrehiwot, M., Asres, K., Bisrat, D., Mazumder, A., Lindemann, P., & Bucar, F. (2016). Effects of Resin and Essential Oil from Commiphora myrrha Engl. on Wound Healing. Ethiopian Pharmaceutical Journal, 32(2), 85-100.
- Topical application of myrrh oil was wound healing to rabbits. From: Kamil, N. B., & Al-Ghaban, N. M. (2019). Evaluation of effect of local exogenous application of Myrrh oil on healing of wound incisions of facial skin (Histochemical, Histological and Histomorphometrical study in rabbits). Journal of Baghdad College of Dentistry, 31(4).
NEROLI
- A review of key essential oils and chemical constituents for cosmetic use is presented. Helichrysum is listed as the most popular essential oils used in cosmetics, improving skin circulation, reducing wrinkles, and having regenerative activities. Other oils and constituents are reviewed for their therapeutic actions and potential dermal reactions, including lavender, german chamomile, neroli, peppermint, rosemary, rose, tea tree, anethole, bisabool, carvone, citral, eugenol, farnesol, geraniol, limonene, linalool, and menthol. From: Sarkic, A., & Stappen, I. (2018). Essential oils and their single compounds in cosmetics—A critical review. Cosmetics, 5(1), 11.
OATS
- Based on in vitro and animal studies, avenanthramides from oats were a potent skin anti-itch and anti-inflammatory. From: Sur, R., Nigam, A., Grote, D., Liebel, F., & Southall, M. D. (2008). Avenanthramides, polyphenols from oats, exhibit anti-inflammatory and anti-itch activity. Archives of dermatological research, 300(10), 569.
- Colloidal oatmeal (Avena sativa) has been used for centuries as a topical treatment for various skin conditions and was used in a blind study on twenty-nine female subjects with mild to moderate itching on their dry lower legs. The oatmeal significantly improved skin dryness, texture, and itch intensity. From: Michelle Garay, M. S., Judith Nebus, M. B. A., & Menas Kizoulis, B. A. (2015). Anti-inflammatory activities of colloidal oatmeal (Avena sativa) contribute to the effectiveness of oats in treatment of itch associated with dry, irritated skin. Journal of Drugs in Dermatology, 14(1), 43-48.
- Active colloidal oatmeal moisturizer showed effectiveness in this randomized, double-blind, controlled clinical study. From: Kalaaji, A. N., & Wallo, W. (2014). A randomized controlled clinical study to evaluate the effectiveness of an active moisturizing lotion with colloidal oatmeal skin protectant versus its vehicle for the relief of xerosis. Journal of drugs in dermatology: JDD, 13(10), 1265-1268.
- This overview of oatmeal (Avena sativa) shows research for its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties that can be useful in topically treating pruritus, atopic dermatitis, psoriasis, and viral and fungal infections. From: Pazyar, N., Yaghoobi, R., Kazerouni, A., & Feily, A. (2012). Oatmeal in dermatology: a brief review. Indian Journal of Dermatology, Venereology, and Leprology, 78(2), 142.
OLIVE
- In a study of 50 patients with wound ulcers, an herbal ointment was applied twice a day for 28 days. It contained Symphytum officinale, Plantago major, Calendula officinalis, Matricaria chamomilla, Bellis perennis, Achillea millefolium, Salvia officinalis, Hypericum perforatum, Olea europaea, Lavandula officinalis, Melaleuca alternifolia, Cympobogon martini, Origanum vulgare, Eugenia caryophyllata, Thymus vulgaris ct. thymol, Cera alba, honey, and glycerol. Results showed significant healing of wounds. From: Oreščanin, V. (2016). Treatment of pressure ulcers with Bioapifit® wound healing herbal ointment-a preliminary study. IJRDO: J Biol Sci, 2(10), 1-15.
- A formulation containing Oliveria decumbens and Pelargonium graveolens essential oils improved healing of Staphylococcus aureus infected wounds in mice. From: Mahboubi, M., Feizabadi, M. M., Khamechian, T., Kazempour, N., Zadeh, M. R., Sasani, F., & Bekhradi, M. (2016). The effect of Oliveria decumbens and Pelargonium graveolens on healing of infected skin wounds in mice. World journal of plastic surgery, 5(3), 259.
- In a study of 89 women who had received an episiotomy, olive oil and lavender oil added to a sitz bath improved healing. From: Behmanesh, F., Tofighi, M., Delavar, M. A., Zeinalzadeh, M., Moghadamnia, A. A., & Khafri, S. A. (2011). A Clinical trial to compare the effectiveness of Lavender essential oil and olive oil at healing postpartum mother’s perinea. Healthmed, 5(6), 1512-6.
OREGANO
- In a study of 50 patients with wound ulcers, an herbal ointment was applied twice a day for 28 days. It contained Symphytum officinale, Plantago major, Calendula officinalis, Matricaria chamomilla, Bellis perennis, Achillea millefolium, Salvia officinalis, Hypericum perforatum, Olea europaea, Lavandula officinalis, Melaleuca alternifolia, Cympobogon martini, Origanum vulgare, Eugenia caryophyllata, Thymus vulgaris ct. thymol, Cera alba, honey, and glycerol. Results showed significant healing of wounds. From: Oreščanin, V. (2016). Treatment of pressure ulcers with Bioapifit® wound healing herbal ointment-a preliminary study. IJRDO: J Biol Sci, 2(10), 1-15.
- Origanoside extracted from O. vulgare had a skin whitening effect. From: Liang, C. H., Chou, T. H., & Ding, H. Y. (2010). Inhibition of melanogensis by a novel origanoside from Origanum vulgare. Journal of dermatological science, 57(3), 170-177.
- In this review of human studies on herbs for wound healing, the following plants were discussed: Aloe vera, Salvia miltiorrhizia, Alchemilla vulgaris, Angelica sinensis, Origanum vulgare, Lavandula stoechas, Radix astragalis, Rehmanniae radix, Ageratina pichinchensis, Calendula officianalis, and Mimosa tenaiflora. From: Lordani, T. V. A., de Lara, C. E., Ferreira, F. B. P., de Souza Terron Monich, M., Mesquita da Silva, C., Lordani, F., … & Lonardoni, M. V. C. (2018). Therapeutic effects of medicinal plants on cutaneous wound healing in humans: A systematic review. Mediators of inflammation, 2018.
OREGON GRAPE
- A cream containing 10% oregon grape reduced atopic dermatitis in patients. From: Donsky, H., & Clarke, D. (2007). Relieva, a Mahonia aquifolium extract for the treatment of adult patients with atopic dermatitis. American journal of therapeutics, 14(5), 442-446.
- An ointment containing oregon grape was effective against atopic dermatitis during cold dry weather. From: Klövekorn, W., Tepe, A., & Danesch, U. (2007). A randomized, double-blind, vehicle-controlled, half-side comparison with a herbal ointment containing Mahonia aquifolium, Viola tricolor and Centella asiatica for the treatment of mild-to-moderate atopic dermatitis. International journal of clinical pharmacology and therapeutics, 45(11), 583-591.
PALMAROSA
- In a study of 50 patients with wound ulcers, an herbal ointment was applied twice a day for 28 days. It contained Symphytum officinale, Plantago major, Calendula officinalis, Matricaria chamomilla, Bellis perennis, Achillea millefolium, Salvia officinalis, Hypericum perforatum, Olea europaea, Lavandula officinalis, Melaleuca alternifolia, Cympobogon martini, Origanum vulgare, Eugenia caryophyllata, Thymus vulgaris ct. thymol, Cera alba, honey, and glycerol. Results showed significant healing of wounds. From: Oreščanin, V. (2016). Treatment of pressure ulcers with Bioapifit® wound healing herbal ointment-a preliminary study. IJRDO: J Biol Sci, 2(10), 1-15.
PARSLEY
- Parsley was tested in this randomized clinical trial as an ingredient in a cream for the treatment of melasma. From: Khosravan, S., Alami, A., Mohammadzadeh-Moghadam, H., & Ramezani, V. (2017). The Effect of Topical Use of Petroselinum Crispum (Parsley) Versus That of Hydroquinone Cream on Reduction of Epidermal Melasma: A Randomized Clinical Trial. Holistic nursing practice, 31(1), 16-20.
PATCHOULI
- Patchouli alcohol found in the plant’s essential oil improved skin healing caused by sun exposure in mice. From: Feng, X. X., Yu, X. T., Li, W. J., Kong, S. Z., Liu, Y. H., Zhang, X., … & Lin, Z. X. (2014). Effects of topical application of patchouli alcohol on the UV-induced skin photoaging in mice. European Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 63, 113-123.
- Patchouli, caraway, and geranium showed antibacterial action against S. aureus isolated from skin lesions of infected people. From: Kwiatkowski, P., Mnichowska-Polanowska, M., Pruss, A., Dzięcioł, M., & Masiuk, H. (2017). Experimental Paper. Activity of essential oils against Staphylococcus aureus strains isolated from skin lesions in the course of staphylococcal skin infections. Herba Polonica, 63(1), 43-52.
- Bergamot, cilantro, geranium, helichrysum, patchouli, petitgrain, sandalwood, spikenard, and ylang ylang essential oils showed skin anti-inflammatory activity in vitro. From: Han, X., Beaumont, C., & Stevens, N. (2017). Chemical composition analysis and in vitro biological activities of ten essential oils in human skin cells. Biochimie open, 5, 1-7.
PETITGRAIN
- Bergamot, cilantro, geranium, helichrysum, patchouli, petitgrain, sandalwood, spikenard, and ylang ylang essential oils showed skin anti-inflammatory activity in vitro. From: Han, X., Beaumont, C., & Stevens, N. (2017). Chemical composition analysis and in vitro biological activities of ten essential oils in human skin cells. Biochimie open, 5, 1-7.
PEPPERMINT
- A review of key essential oils and chemical constituents for cosmetic use is presented. Helichrysum is listed as the most popular essential oils used in cosmetics, improving skin circulation, reducing wrinkles, and having regenerative activities. Other oils and constituents are reviewed for their therapeutic actions and potential dermal reactions, including lavender, german chamomile, neroli, peppermint, rosemary, rose, tea tree, anethole, bisabool, carvone, citral, eugenol, farnesol, geraniol, limonene, linalool, and menthol. From: Sarkic, A., & Stappen, I. (2018). Essential oils and their single compounds in cosmetics—A critical review. Cosmetics, 5(1), 11.
- Peppermint gel in breastfeeding women resulted in less nipple cracks and was more effective than lanolin. From: Melli, M. S., Rashidi, M. R., Nokhoodchi, A., Tagavi, S., Farzadi, L., Sadaghat, K., … & Sheshvan, M. K. (2007). A randomized trial of peppermint gel, lanolin ointment, and placebo gel to prevent nipple crack in primiparous breastfeeding women. Medical Science Monitor, 13(9), CR406-CR411.
PLANTAIN
- In a study of 50 patients with wound ulcers, an herbal ointment was applied twice a day for 28 days. It contained Symphytum officinale, Plantago major, Calendula officinalis, Matricaria chamomilla, Bellis perennis, Achillea millefolium, Salvia officinalis, Hypericum perforatum, Olea europaea, Lavandula officinalis, Melaleuca alternifolia, Cympobogon martini, Origanum vulgare, Eugenia caryophyllata, Thymus vulgaris ct. thymol, Cera alba, honey, and glycerol. Results showed significant healing of wounds. From: Oreščanin, V. (2016). Treatment of pressure ulcers with Bioapifit® wound healing herbal ointment-a preliminary study. IJRDO: J Biol Sci, 2(10), 1-15.
- Leaves of the Plantago major plant affected human complement proteins, likely the reason for the reported wound healing capabilities of the plant. From: Michaelsen, T. E., Gilje, A., Samuelsen, A. B., Høgåsen, K., & Paulsen, B. S. (2000). Interaction between human complement and a pectin type polysaccharide fraction, PMII, from the leaves of Plantago major L. Scandinavian journal of immunology, 52(5), 483-490.
- Plantain extracts stimulated wound healing in porcine skin. From: Zubair, M., Nybom, H., Lindholm, C., Brandner, J. M., & Rumpunen, K. (2016). Promotion of wound healing by Plantago major L. leaf extracts–ex-vivo experiments confirm experiences from traditional medicine. Natural product research, 30(5), 622-624.
- The use of plants to treat skin conditions was reviewed. Plants identified included Calendula officinalis, Chamomilla recutita, Glycyrrhiza, Hamamelis virginiana, Melissa officinalis, and Plantago major. Conditions included acne, dermatitis, herpes simplex, and psoriasis. From: Brown, D. J., & Dattner, A. M. (1998). Phytotherapeutic approaches to common dermatologic conditions. Archives of dermatology, 134(11), 1401-1404.
POPLAR
- Poplar bud absolute, rosemary extract, benzoin resinoid and turmeric oleoresin inhibited human leukocyte elastase for improved skin healing. From: Baylac, S., & Racine, P. (2004). Inhibition of human leukocyte elastase by natural fragrant extracts of aromatic plants. International Journal of Aromatherapy, 14(4), 179-182.
PINE
- In a double blind placebo controlled trial with 62 women ages 45 and older, they had improved skin elasticity and reduced roughness using a product containing Pinus pinaster bark, vitamins C and E, carotenoids, selenium, zinc, amino acids and glycosaminoglycans, and blueberry extract. From: Segger, D., & Schönlau, F. (2004). Supplementation with Evelle® improves skin smoothness and elasticity in a double‐blind, placebo‐controlled study with 62 women. Journal of dermatological treatment, 15(4), 222-226.
- Pinus pinea and Pinus halepensis demonstrated high wound healing activity. From: Süntar, I., Tumen, I., Ustün, O., Keleş, H., & Akkol, E. K. (2012). Appraisal on the wound healing and anti-inflammatory activities of the essential oils obtained from the cones and needles of Pinus species by in vivo and in vitro experimental models. Journal of ethnopharmacology, 139(2), 533-540.
- A Pinus species extract showed antiphotoaging activity in vitro. From: Jung, H. Y., Shin, J. C., Park, S. M., Kim, N. R., Kwak, W., & Choi, B. H. (2014). Pinus densiflora extract protects human skin fibroblasts against UVB-induced photoaging by inhibiting the expression of MMPs and increasing type I procollagen expression. Toxicology reports, 1, 658-666.
PUMPKIN SEED
- Forty patients with mild-to-moderate plaque psoriasis participated in this double-blind, randomized clinical trial. A German chamomile extract with pumpkin seed oil or a placebo was applied twice a day for 4 weeks. Symptoms significantly reduced in the treatment group. From: Kolahdooz, S., Karimi, M., Esmaili, N., Zargaran, A., Kordafshari, G., Mozafari, N., & Ayati, M. H. (2018). Evaluation of the efficacy of a topical chamomile-pumpkin oleogel for the treatment of plaque psoriasis: an intra-patient, double-blind, randomized clinical trial. Biomedical Research and Therapy, 5(11), 2811-2819.
ROSE
- A review of key essential oils and chemical constituents for cosmetic use is presented. Helichrysum is listed as the most popular essential oils used in cosmetics, improving skin circulation, reducing wrinkles, and having regenerative activities. Other oils and constituents are reviewed for their therapeutic actions and potential dermal reactions, including lavender, german chamomile, neroli, peppermint, rosemary, rose, tea tree, anethole, bisabool, carvone, citral, eugenol, farnesol, geraniol, limonene, linalool, and menthol. From: Sarkic, A., & Stappen, I. (2018). Essential oils and their single compounds in cosmetics—A critical review. Cosmetics, 5(1), 11.
- Extracts of white tea, rose, and witch hazel had a protective effect on human dermal fibroblast cells against hydrogen peroxide induced damage. From: Thring, T. S., Hili, P., & Naughton, D. P. (2011). Antioxidant and potential anti-inflammatory activity of extracts and formulations of white tea, rose, and witch hazel on primary human dermal fibroblast cells. Journal of Inflammation, 8(1), 27.
ROSEMARY
- A review of key essential oils and chemical constituents for cosmetic use is presented. Helichrysum is listed as the most popular essential oils used in cosmetics, improving skin circulation, reducing wrinkles, and having regenerative activities. Other oils and constituents are reviewed for their therapeutic actions and potential dermal reactions, including lavender, german chamomile, neroli, peppermint, rosemary, rose, tea tree, anethole, bisabool, carvone, citral, eugenol, farnesol, geraniol, limonene, linalool, and menthol. From: Sarkic, A., & Stappen, I. (2018). Essential oils and their single compounds in cosmetics—A critical review. Cosmetics, 5(1), 11.
- A double blind clinical study of 25 women using a cream containing rosemary and gotu kola extracts for 4 weeks demonstrated improved skin firmness. From: Sommerfeld, B. (2007). Randomised, placebo-controlled, double-blind, split-face study on the clinical efficacy of Tricutan® on skin firmness. Phytomedicine, 14(11), 711-715.
- A skin product containing: Annona squamosa, Zanthoxylum clava-herculis, and Rosmarinus officinalis was assessed in this study of 44 women. Participants reported improvement in skin hydration, firmness, and elasticity after daily use for 8 weeks. From: Yimam, M., Lee, Y. C., Jiao, P., Hong, M., Brownell, L., & Jia, Q. (2018). A Randomized, Active Comparator-controlled Clinical Trial of a Topical Botanical Cream for Skin Hydration, Elasticity, Firmness, and Cellulite. The Journal of clinical and aesthetic dermatology, 11(8), 51.
- Poplar bud absolute, rosemary extract, benzoin resinoid and turmeric oleoresin inhibited human leukocyte elastase for improved skin healing. From: Baylac, S., & Racine, P. (2004). Inhibition of human leukocyte elastase by natural fragrant extracts of aromatic plants. International Journal of Aromatherapy, 14(4), 179-182.
- In a study of 95 women, long term ingestion of a supplement containing rosemary and grapefruit extracts improved the visual signs of sun damage on the skin, including elasticity, wrinkles, and color. From: Nobile, V., Michelotti, A., Cestone, E., Caturla, N., Castillo, J., Benavente-García, O., … & Micol, V. (2016). Skin photoprotective and antiageing effects of a combination of rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis) and grapefruit (Citrus paradisi) polyphenols. Food & nutrition research, 60(1), 31871.
- A significant positive difference in diabetic wound healing occurred in diabetic mice treated with R. officinalis. From: Abu-Al-Basal, M. A. (2010). Healing potential of Rosmarinus officinalis L. on full-thickness excision cutaneous wounds in alloxan-induced-diabetic BALB/c mice. Journal of ethnopharmacology, 131(2), 443-450.
- Rosemary extract minimized free radical-induced skin damage. From: Calabrese, V., Scapagnini, G., Catalano, C., Bates, T. E., Dinotta, F., Micali, G., & Giuffrida, S. A. (2000). Induction of heat shock protein synthesis in human skin fibroblasts in response to oxidative stress: regulation by a natural antioxidant from rosemary extract. International journal of tissue reactions, 23(2), 51-58.
- Rosemary water-soluble extract inhibited UV cutaneous photodamage. From: Martin, R., Pierrard, C., Lejeune, F., Hilaire, P., Breton, L., & Bernerd, F. (2008). Photoprotective effect of a water-soluble extract of Rosmarinus officinalis L. against UV-induced matrix metalloproteinase-1 in human dermal fibroblasts and reconstructed skin. European Journal of Dermatology, 18(2), 128-135.
- Creams with rosemary and marigold reduced irritation contact dermatitis. From: Fuchs, S. M., Schliemann-Willers, S., Fischer, T. W., & Elsner, P. (2005). Protective effects of different marigold (Calendula officinalis L.) and rosemary cream preparations against sodium-lauryl-sulfate-induced irritant contact dermatitis. Skin pharmacology and physiology, 18(4), 195-200.
SAGE
- In a study of 50 patients with wound ulcers, an herbal ointment was applied twice a day for 28 days. It contained Symphytum officinale, Plantago major, Calendula officinalis, Matricaria chamomilla, Bellis perennis, Achillea millefolium, Salvia officinalis, Hypericum perforatum, Olea europaea, Lavandula officinalis, Melaleuca alternifolia, Cympobogon martini, Origanum vulgare, Eugenia caryophyllata, Thymus vulgaris ct. thymol, Cera alba, honey, and glycerol. Results showed significant healing of wounds. From: Oreščanin, V. (2016). Treatment of pressure ulcers with Bioapifit® wound healing herbal ointment-a preliminary study. IJRDO: J Biol Sci, 2(10), 1-15.
- This was a review of research on botanicals and natural extracts for wound repair. Significant research was found for propolis, Aloe vera, Achillea millefolium, Salvia officinalis, Malva sylvestris, and Casearia sylvestris. From: Medellin-Luna, M. F., Castaneda-Delgado, J. E., Martínez-Balderas, V. Y., & Cervantes-Villagrana, A. R. (2019). Medicinal plant extracts and their use as wound closure inducing agents. Journal of medicinal food, 22(5), 435-443.
- A gel containing calendula, German chamomile, and sage reduced hand-foot skin erythema in this double blind study with 27 patients. The gel was applied four times a day for 2 weeks. From: Karimi, E., Gharib, B., Rostami, N., Navidpour, L., & Afshar, M. (2019). Clinical efficacy of a topical polyherbal formulation in the management of fluorouracil-associated hand-foot syndrome. Journal of Herbal Medicine, 100270.
- In this review of human studies on herbs for wound healing, the following plants were discussed: Aloe vera, Salvia miltiorrhizia, Alchemilla vulgaris, Angelica sinensis, Origanum vulgare, Lavandula stoechas, Radix astragalis, Rehmanniae radix, Ageratina pichinchensis, Calendula officianalis, and Mimosa tenaiflora. From: Lordani, T. V. A., de Lara, C. E., Ferreira, F. B. P., de Souza Terron Monich, M., Mesquita da Silva, C., Lordani, F., … & Lonardoni, M. V. C. (2018). Therapeutic effects of medicinal plants on cutaneous wound healing in humans: A systematic review. Mediators of inflammation, 2018.
SEA BUCKTHORN
- Topical application of sea buckthorn oil increased cutaneous thickness of human skin. From: Yang, B., Bonfigli, A., Pagani, V., Isohanni, T., von-Knorring, A., Jutila, A., & Judin, V. P. (2009). Effects of oral supplementation and topical application of supercritical CO2 extracted sea buckthorn oil on skin ageing of female subjects. Journal of Applied Cosmetology, 27(1), 13.
- In a study of 49 patients with atopic dermatitis, daily intake of sea buckthorn pulp oil significantly improved skin. From: Yang, B., Kalimo, K. O., Mattila, L. M., Kallio, S. E., Katajisto, J. K., Peltola, O. J., & Kallio, H. P. (1999). Effects of dietary supplementation with sea buckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides) seed and pulp oils on atopic dermatitis. The Journal of nutritional biochemistry, 10(11), 622-630.
- In a study of 16 pateints with atopic dermititis, ingesting sea buckthorn pulp daily over four months improfed the fatty acid composition of skin glycerophospholipids. From: Yang, B., Kalimo, K. O., Tahvonen, R. L., Mattila, L. M., Katajisto, J. K., & Kallio, H. P. (2000). Effect of dietary supplementation with sea buckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides) seed and pulp oils on the fatty acid composition of skin glycerophospholipids of patients with atopic dermatitis. The Journal of nutritional biochemistry, 11(6), 338-340.
- Rich in vitamins E and A as well as carotenoids and palmitoleic acid, these ingredients are known for improving skin. From: Zeb, A. (2004). Important therapeutic uses of sea buckthorn (Hippophae): a review. Journal of Biological Sciences, 4(5), 687-693.
ST. JOHNS WORT
- In a study of 50 patients with wound ulcers, an herbal ointment was applied twice a day for 28 days. It contained Symphytum officinale, Plantago major, Calendula officinalis, Matricaria chamomilla, Bellis perennis, Achillea millefolium, Salvia officinalis, Hypericum perforatum, Olea europaea, Lavandula officinalis, Melaleuca alternifolia, Cympobogon martini, Origanum vulgare, Eugenia caryophyllata, Thymus vulgaris ct. thymol, Cera alba, honey, and glycerol. Results showed significant healing of wounds. From: Oreščanin, V. (2016). Treatment of pressure ulcers with Bioapifit® wound healing herbal ointment-a preliminary study. IJRDO: J Biol Sci, 2(10), 1-15.
- A cream with St. John’s wort was effective in treating atopic dermatitis. From: Schempp, C. M., Hezel, S., & Simon, J. C. (2003). Topical treatment of atopic dermatitis with Hypericum cream. A randomised, placebo-controlled, double-blind half-side comparison study. Der Hautarzt; Zeitschrift fur Dermatologie, Venerologie, und verwandte Gebiete, 54(3), 248-253.
TEA TREE
- This review of research cited the dermatological uses for tea tree oil. It offers antioxidant, antimicrobial, and anti-inflammatory activities. Its key constituent, terpinen-4-ol, has also exhibited strong antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory actions. Clinical studies have demonstrated the use of tea tree for acne, seborrheic dermatitis, wound healing, and anti-skin cancer activities. From: Pazyar, N., Yaghoobi, R., Bagherani, N., & Kazerouni, A. (2013). A review of applications of tea tree oil in dermatology. International Journal of Dermatology, 52(7), 784-790.
- Tea tree oil reduced wound size in a small study of patients with wounds susceptible to be colonized by MRSA. From: Edmondson, M., Newall, N., Carville, K., Smith, J., Riley, T. V., & Carson, C. F. (2011). Uncontrolled, open‐label, pilot study of tea tree (Melaleuca alternifolia) oil solution in the decolonisation of methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus positive wounds and its influence on wound healing. International wound journal, 8(4), 375-384.
- Scabies is a contagious, parasitic skin disease. In this review of research, tea tree showed to have anti-parasitic and anti-inflammatory actions against scabies. More research is warranted. From: Thomas, J., Carson, C. F., Peterson, G. M., Walton, S. F., Hammer, K. A., Naunton, M., … & Cooper, G. M. (2016). Therapeutic potential of tea tree oil for scabies. The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene, 94(2), 258-266.
- This was a review of research on using tea tree oil against the mite that causes demodicosis of the skin. From: Lam, N. S. K., Long, X. X., Griffin, R. C., Chen, M. K., & Doery, J. C. (2018). Can the tea tree oil (Australian native plant: Melaleuca alternifolia Cheel) be an alternative treatment for human demodicosis on skin? Parasitology, 1-11.
- Tea tree oil and terpinen-4-ol were highly effective in reducing the human mite infection: Sarcoptes scabiei (scabies). From: Walton, S. F., McKinnon, M., Pizzutto, S., Dougall, A., Williams, E., & Currie, B. J. (2004). Acaricidal activity of Melaleuca alternifolia (tea tree) oil: in vitro sensitivity of sarcoptes scabiei var hominis to terpinen-4-ol. Archives of dermatology, 140(5), 563-566.
- A topical gel containing hyaluronic acid with tea tree oil and methyl-sulfonyl-methane reduced haemorrhoid symptoms in a double blind study. From: Joksimovic, N., Spasovski, G., Joksimovic, V., Andreevski, V., Zuccari, C., & Omini, C. F. (2012). Efficacy and tolerability of hyaluronic acid, tea tree oil and methyl-sulfonyl-methane in a new gel medical device for treatment of haemorrhoids in a double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial. Updates in surgery, 64(3), 195-201.
- In a double blind multicenter study with 117 patients, the nail disease: onyehornycosis was improved with tea tree and clotrimazole. From: Buck, D. S. (1994). Comparison of Two Topical Preparations for the Treatment of Onyehornycosis: Melaleuca altemifilia (Tea Tree) Oil and Clotrimazole. The Journal of family practice, 38(6).
- In patients with the toe fungus onychomycosis, 80% were cured with the tea tree and butenafine cream. From: Syed, T. A., Qureshi, Z. A., Ali, S. M., Ahmad, S., & Ahmad, S. A. (1999). Treatment of toenail onychomycosis with 2% butenafine and 5% Melaleuca alternifolia (tea tree) oil in cream. Tropical Medicine & International Health, 4(4), 284-287.
- Tea tree oil was effective against Candida skin species in vitro. From: Mandras, N., Scalas, D., Roana, J., Banche, G., D’Amico, F., Allizond, V., … & Tullio, V. (2017). Comparative effect of tea tree oil and anidulafungin on human polymorphonuclear leukocytes functions against Candida krusei. In 45° Congresso nazionale della Società Italiana di Microbiologia(pp. 119-119). Società Italiana di Microbiologia (SIM).
- A preparation of a 10% tea tree cream and a 5% body wash applied for five days was effective and safe in treating skin lesions infected with MRSA. From: Dryden, M. S., Dailly, S., & Crouch, M. (2004). A randomized, controlled trial of tea tree topical preparations versus a standard topical regimen for the clearance of MRSA colonization. Journal of Hospital Infection, 56(4), 283-286.
- Tea tree oil was effective against a broad spectrum of skin bacteria in vitro. Singh, B. R., Vadhana, P., Bhardwaj, M., Vinodh Kumar, O. R., & Sinha, D. K. (2016). Comparative Antimicrobial Activity of Tea Tree Oil (Melaleuca Oil) and Common Topical Antimicrobials against Bacteria Associated With Wound and Topical Infections. Pharm. Anal. Acta, 7, 513.
- This was a review of the topical uses of tea tree oil. From: Crawford, G. H., Sciacca, J. R., & James, W. D. (2004). Tea tree oil: cutaneous effects of the extracted oil of Melaleuca alternifolia. Dermatitis: contact, atopic, occupational, drug, 15(2), 59-66.
- The combination of tea tree oil and tobramycin may be useful in treating infections of the skin and respiratory system. From: D’Arrigo, M., Ginestra, G., Mandalari, G., Furneri, P. M., & Bisignano, G. (2010). Synergism and postantibiotic effect of tobramycin and Melaleuca alternifolia (tea tree) oil against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. Phytomedicine, 17(5), 317-322.
- In a study of 50 patients with wound ulcers, an herbal ointment was applied twice a day for 28 days. It contained Symphytum officinale, Plantago major, Calendula officinalis, Matricaria chamomilla, Bellis perennis, Achillea millefolium, Salvia officinalis, Hypericum perforatum, Olea europaea, Lavandula officinalis, Melaleuca alternifolia, Cympobogon martini, Origanum vulgare, Eugenia caryophyllata, Thymus vulgaris ct. thymol, Cera alba, honey, and glycerol. Results showed significant healing of wounds. From: Oreščanin, V. (2016). Treatment of pressure ulcers with Bioapifit® wound healing herbal ointment-a preliminary study. IJRDO: J Biol Sci, 2(10), 1-15.
- In 40 healthy adults, test areas of the back were overexposed to ultraviolet light. A formulation with Aloe vera showed the highest anti-inflammatory effect. Formulations with Chamomilla recutita, Melissa officinalis, Melaleuca alternifolia and Coriandrum sativum showed some anti-inflammatory effect. From: Beikert, F. C., Schönfeld, B. S., Frank, U., & Augustin, M. (2013). Antiinflammatory potential of seven plant extracts in the ultraviolet erythema test. A randomized, placebo-controlled study. Der Hautarzt; Zeitschrift fur Dermatologie, Venerologie, und verwandte Gebiete, 64(1), 40-46.
THYME
- In a study of 50 patients with wound ulcers, an herbal ointment was applied twice a day for 28 days. It contained Symphytum officinale, Plantago major, Calendula officinalis, Matricaria chamomilla, Bellis perennis, Achillea millefolium, Salvia officinalis, Hypericum perforatum, Olea europaea, Lavandula officinalis, Melaleuca alternifolia, Cympobogon martini, Origanum vulgare, Eugenia caryophyllata, Thymus vulgaris ct. thymol, Cera alba, honey, and glycerol. Results showed significant healing of wounds. From: Oreščanin, V. (2016). Treatment of pressure ulcers with Bioapifit® wound healing herbal ointment-a preliminary study. IJRDO: J Biol Sci, 2(10), 1-15.
- Thymus oil increased the formation of new tissue in burn wound healing in rats. From: Dursun, N., Liman, N., Özyazgan, I., Günes, I., & Saraymen, R. (2003). Role of thymus oil in burn wound healing. Journal of Burn Care & Research, 24(6), 395-399.
TURMERIC / CURCUMIN
- Radiation dermatitis was reduced in women receiving breast cancer radiation with the intake of 2 grams of curcumin three times a day. From: Ryan, J. L., Heckler, C. E., Ling, M., Katz, A., Williams, J. P., Pentland, A. P., & Morrow, G. R. (2013). Curcumin for radiation dermatitis: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial of thirty breast cancer patients. Radiation research, 180(1), 34-43.
- In a review of research, turmeric applied topically or taken orally has shown to be beneficial to the following skin conditions: acne, alopecia, atopic dermatitis, facial photoaging, oral lichen planus, pruritus, psoriasis, radiodermatitis, and vitiligo. From: Vaughn, A. R., Branum, A., & Sivamani, R. K. (2016). Effects of turmeric (Curcuma longa) on skin health: A systematic review of the clinical evidence. Phytotherapy Research, 30(8), 1243-1264.
- Poplar bud absolute, rosemary extract, benzoin resinoid and turmeric oleoresin inhibited human leukocyte elastase for improved skin healing. From: Baylac, S., & Racine, P. (2004). Inhibition of human leukocyte elastase by natural fragrant extracts of aromatic plants. International Journal of Aromatherapy, 14(4), 179-182.
- Forty patients with scalp psoriasis were divided into a treatment or placebo group. The treatment group applied a turmeric tonic twice a day for nine weeks, with significant reduction in erythema, scaling, and lesions. From: Bahraini, P., Rajabi, M., Mansouri, P., Sarafian, G., Chalangari, R., & Azizian, Z. (2018). Turmeric tonic as a treatment in scalp psoriasis: A randomized placebo‐control clinical trial. Journal of cosmetic dermatology, 17(3), 461-466.
- In a randomized placebo controlled study, 50 cancer patients with radiotermatitis on their head and neck were devided into a placebo and treatment group. The placebo group applied baby oil. The treatment group applied a sandalwood and turmeric cream. After seven weeks of radiation therapy, the treatment group had significantly less dermititis. From: Palatty, P. L., Azmidah, A., Rao, S., Jayachander, D., Thilakchand, K. R., Rai, M. P., … & D’souza, P. F. (2014). Topical application of a sandal wood oil and turmeric based cream prevents radiodermatitis in head and neck cancer patients undergoing external beam radiotherapy: a pilot study. The British journal of radiology, 87(1038), 20130490.
- In a study with 62 cancer patients, an ointment containing curcumin, the key constituent in turmeric provided a significant reduction in skin lesions. From: Kuttan, R., Sudheeran, P. C., & Josph, C. D. (1987). Turmeric and curcumin as topical agents in cancer therapy. Tumori Journal, 73(1), 29-31.
VITAMIN B12
- A cream with vitamin b12 and avocado oil helped reduce plaque psoriasis and was safe for long term use in 13 patients. From: Stücker, M., Memmel, U., Hoffmann, M., Hartung, J., & Altmeyer, P. (2001). Vitamin B12 cream containing avocado oil in the therapy of plaque psoriasis. Dermatology, 203(2), 141-147.
- In a randomized study of 49 patients, avocado oil combined with vitamin b12 was effective against atopic dermatitis. From: Stücker, M., Pieck, C., Stoerb, C., Niedner, R., Hartung, J., & Altmeyer, P. (2004). Topical vitamin B12—a new therapeutic approach in atopic dermatitis—evaluation of efficacy and tolerability in a randomized placebo‐controlled multicentre clinical trial. British Journal of Dermatology, 150(5), 977-983.
VITAMIN C
- In a double blind placebo controlled trial with 62 women ages 45 and older, they had improved skin elasticity and reduced roughness using a product containing Pinus pinaster bark, vitamins C and E, carotenoids, selenium, zinc, amino acids and glycosaminoglycans, and blueberry extract. From: Segger, D., & Schönlau, F. (2004). Supplementation with Evelle® improves skin smoothness and elasticity in a double‐blind, placebo‐controlled study with 62 women. Journal of dermatological treatment, 15(4), 222-226.
VITAMIN E
- In a double blind placebo controlled trial with 62 women ages 45 and older, they had improved skin elasticity and reduced roughness using a product containing Pinus pinaster bark, vitamins C and E, carotenoids, selenium, zinc, amino acids and glycosaminoglycans, and blueberry extract. From: Segger, D., & Schönlau, F. (2004). Supplementation with Evelle® improves skin smoothness and elasticity in a double‐blind, placebo‐controlled study with 62 women. Journal of dermatological treatment, 15(4), 222-226.
WITCH HAZEL
- Witch hazel showed mild anti-inflammatory activity in a double blind study of those treated for atopic dermatitis. From: Korting, H. C., Schäfer-Korting, M., Klövekon, W., Klövekorn, G., Martin, C., & Laux, P. (1995). Comparative efficacy of hamamelis distillate and hydrocortisone cream in atopic eczema. European journal of clinical pharmacology, 48(6), 461-465.
- Anti-inflammatory activity of witch hazel applied topically to the skin was demonstrated. From: Korting, H. C., Schäfer-Korting, M., Hart, H., Laux, P., & Schmid, M. (1993). Anti-inflammatory activity of hamamelis distillate applied topically to the skin. European journal of clinical pharmacology, 44(4), 315-318.
- Witch hazel applied topically to the skin after sun exposure was anti-inflammatory. From: Hughes-Formella, B. J., Filbry, A., Gassmueller, J., & Rippke, F. (2002). Anti-inflammatory efficacy of topical preparations with 10% hamamelis distillate in a UV erythema test. Skin Pharmacology and Physiology, 15(2), 125-132.
- A witch hazel ointment was an effective and safe treatment for certain skin disorders in young children. From: Wolff, H. H., & Kieser, M. (2007). Hamamelis in children with skin disorders and skin injuries: results of an observational study. European journal of pediatrics, 166(9), 943-948.
- Extracts of white tea, rose, and witch hazel had a protective effect on human dermal fibroblast cells against hydrogen peroxide induced damage. From: Thring, T. S., Hili, P., & Naughton, D. P. (2011). Antioxidant and potential anti-inflammatory activity of extracts and formulations of white tea, rose, and witch hazel on primary human dermal fibroblast cells. Journal of Inflammation, 8(1), 27.
- Proanthocyanidins from witch hazel strongly increased the proliferation of the cells and reduced symptoms of irritation. From: Deters, A., Dauer, A., Schnetz, E., Fartasch, M., & Hensel, A. (2001). High molecular compounds (polysaccharides and proanthocyanidins) from Hamamelis virginiana bark: influence on human skin keratinocyte proliferation and differentiation and influence on irritated skin. Phytochemistry, 58(6), 949-958.
- The use of plants to treat skin conditions was reviewed. Plants identified included Calendula officinalis, Chamomilla recutita, Glycyrrhiza, Hamamelis virginiana, Melissa officinalis, and Plantago major. Conditions included acne, dermatitis, herpes simplex, and psoriasis. From: Brown, D. J., & Dattner, A. M. (1998). Phytotherapeutic approaches to common dermatologic conditions. Archives of dermatology, 134(11), 1401-1404.
YARROW
- In a study of 50 patients with wound ulcers, an herbal ointment was applied twice a day for 28 days. It contained Symphytum officinale, Plantago major, Calendula officinalis, Matricaria chamomilla, Bellis perennis, Achillea millefolium, Salvia officinalis, Hypericum perforatum, Olea europaea, Lavandula officinalis, Melaleuca alternifolia, Cympobogon martini, Origanum vulgare, Eugenia caryophyllata, Thymus vulgaris ct. thymol, Cera alba, honey, and glycerol. Results showed significant healing of wounds. From: Oreščanin, V. (2016). Treatment of pressure ulcers with Bioapifit® wound healing herbal ointment-a preliminary study. IJRDO: J Biol Sci, 2(10), 1-15.
- In a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, trial with fifty patients with recurrent nosebleeds, A 1% yarrow in vitamin A significantly reduced frequency and duration with no side effects. From: Hashemianet al. (2021). Evaluating the efficacy of Achillea Millefolium ointment in the treatment of recurrent idiopathic epistaxis; a randomized double-blind clinical trial. Journal of Herbal Medicine, 29, 100468.
- This was a review of research on botanicals and natural extracts for wound repair. Significant research was found for propolis, Aloe vera, Achillea millefolium, Salvia officinalis, Malva sylvestris, and Casearia sylvestris. From: Medellin-Luna, M. F., Castaneda-Delgado, J. E., Martínez-Balderas, V. Y., & Cervantes-Villagrana, A. R. (2019). Medicinal plant extracts and their use as wound closure inducing agents. Journal of medicinal food, 22(5), 435-443.
- A yarrow based ointment improved episiotomy wound healing in a double blind study of 140 women. From: Hajhashemi, M., Ghanbari, Z., Movahedi, M., Rafieian, M., Keivani, A., & Haghollahi, F. (2018). The effect of Achillea millefolium and Hypericum perforatum ointments on episiotomy wound healing in primiparous women. The Journal of Maternal-Fetal & Neonatal Medicine, 31(1), 63-69.
- A 2‐month in vivo treatment of an A. millefolium extract showed improved appearance of wrinkles and pores compared to the placebo. From: Pain, S., Altobelli, C., Boher, A., Cittadini, L., Favre‐Mercuret, M., Gaillard, C., … & André‐Frei, V. (2011). Surface rejuvenating effect of Achillea millefolium extract. International journal of cosmetic science, 33(6), 535-542.
YLANG YLANG
- Bergamot, cilantro, geranium, helichrysum, patchouli, petitgrain, sandalwood, spikenard, and ylang ylang essential oils showed skin anti-inflammatory activity in vitro. From: Han, X., Beaumont, C., & Stevens, N. (2017). Chemical composition analysis and in vitro biological activities of ten essential oils in human skin cells. Biochimie open, 5, 1-7.
By Kathy Sadowski
Updated 10/17/2022
